青藏高原复杂下垫面能量和水分循环季节变化特征分析  

Characteristics of Seasonal Variations of Energy and Water Cycles over the Complex Underlying Surface of the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：陈宇航[1] 范广洲[1,2] 赖欣[1] 华维[1] 张永莉[1] 王炳赟[1] 朱丽华[1] CHEN Yuhang FAN Guangzhou LAI Xin HUA Wei ZHANG Yongli WANG Bingyun and ZHU Lihua(College of Atmospheric Sciences, Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225 2 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室,成都610225 [2]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2016年第5期586-600,共15页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目91537214;41275079;41405069;41305077;41505078;成都信息工程大学中青年学术带头人科研基金J201516;J201518~~

摘　　要：为深入认识青藏高原能量和水分循环季节变化,利用GSWP（Global Soil Wetness Project）、GLDAS（Global Land Data Assimilation System）、AMSR-E（Advance Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS）土壤湿度以及台站观测资料等多种数据,采用滑动t检验初步分析高原下垫面各物理量季节变化特征。结果表明：各物理量季节变化特征明显且联系密切。高原下垫面净短波辐射和感热通量在1月中旬显著开始增加,5-6月达到全年最高值。净长波辐射5月表现为高值,夏季表现为低值。地表潜热通量在1月显著开始增加,在夏季达到全年最高值。表层土壤3月开始输送热量到大气,9月大气开始向土壤表层传递热量;融雪3-5月加快,雪盖减少。降水和1 cm植被含水量在2月显著开始增加,1 cm土壤显著开始加湿,5-6月降水陡增,1 cm土壤湿度表现为峰值。1 cm植被含水量、植被蒸腾、总蒸散与降水在7-8月达全年最高值,1 cm土壤湿度在7月表出现为谷值,9月达全年第二峰值。10月下垫面温度转冷后,雪盖增加,土壤湿度逐渐减小。Using multiple daily data of GSWP（Global Soil Wetness Project）, GLDAS（Global Land Data Assimilation System）, AMSR-E（Advance Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS） soil moisture, and in-situ observations, the method of the sliding t test is applied to analyze characteristics of seasonal variations of the underlying surface variables for the purpose to better understand energy and water cycles over the Tibetan Plateau（TP）. The analysis reveals that the seasonal variations of underlying surface physical variables are significant and closely related with each other. The seasonal variations of surface net shortwave radiation and sensible heat flux are significant and both start to increase in January. Their annual maximum values appear in May and June. Net long wave radiation is also high in May but low during the summer. Latent heat flux starts to grow remarkably in January and reaches its annual maximum value in the summer. Heat is transferred from the ground surface to the atmosphere since March, and then from the atmosphere to soil in September. Snow starts melting since March and decreases from March to May. Precipitation and vegetation water content begin to increase significantly in February. Rainfall increases sharply in May and June, leading to the peak value of 1-cm soil moisture. Precipitation, vegetation water content, plant transpiration, and total evapotranspiration all reach their highest values in July and August. During this time, the 1-cm soil moisture content is low but reaches its second peak in September. In October, with the underlying surface temperature turning cold, snow cover increases and 1-cm soil moisture decreases.

关 键 词：能量和水分循环 季节变化 青藏高原 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]