矿井提升机变速箱机械故障特征提取与诊断  

Extraction and diagnosis of the mine hoist gearbox's mechanical fault feature

作　　者：邵堃[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南职业技术学院机电工程系,郑州450046

出　　处：《现代制造工程》2016年第9期146-150,20,共6页Modern Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：河南省教育厅自然科学研究计划项目(2011C460007)

摘　　要：煤矿井内提升机变速箱发生故障时,传动轴上信号的传播路径复杂,导致振动信号中故障特征提取困难加大,针对利用常规振动信号处理方法从振动信号中将故障特征提取难的问题,提出一种先广泛布置检测点,再分时段检测的方法。首先通过分析检测点的振动烈度逐步缩小故障范围,再利用谐波小波分解方法对小范围内的可疑检测点的振动信号进行三层次分解,最后通过分析a2和a3层信号的频谱,可从振动信号中提取出故障特征。试验结果表明,利用谐波小波信号分解方法分离出振动信号的故障特征信息,判定出Z1或Z2齿轮出现磨损,这与故障真实情况Z1齿轮发生磨损相一致,实现了变速箱机械故障的特征提取与诊断。The signal of drive shaft is complex on the propagation path when the hoist gearbox in the coal mine is failure, which causes it is very difficulty to extract the fault feature from the vibration signal. For the problem of extracting the fault features from the vibration signals using the conventional vibration signal processing method, a sub-period detection method with extensive layout of test points is proposed. First, the scope of failure is gradually narrowed by analyzing the intensity of the vibration test points, and the vibration signal of suspicious detection points in the small range is decomposed into three levels using the harmonic wavelet method, at last the fault features are extracted from the vibration signals through the analysis of the frequency spectrum on the layer a2 and a.3. The test results show that the fault characteristic information of vibration signal is isolated using the harmonic wavelet signal decomposition method,which can determine the Z1 or Z2 gear is worn. This is consistent with the real wear fault situation on gear Z1, and this method can achieve a gearbox mechanical fault feature extraction and diagnostics.

关 键 词：提升机 变速箱 谐波小波 特征提取 故障诊断 

分 类 号：TH21[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]