浙江省茶树春霜冻害气象指标的修订  

Revision on meteorological indices of spring frost disaster for Camellia sinensis in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：李仁忠[1] 金志凤[1] 杨再强[2] 王治海[1] 姚益平[1] LI Ren-zhong JIN Zhi-feng YANG Zai-qiang WANG Zhi-hai YAO Yi-ping(Zhejiang Climate Center, Hangzhou 310017, China Nanjing University of Information Science ＆ Technology, Nanfing 210014, China）.)

机构地区：[1]浙江省气候中心,杭州310017 [2]南京信息工程大学,南京210044

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第10期2659-2666,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306037);中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目(CMAGJ2013M20);浙江省重点科技专项(2015C02G1610003);浙江省气象局重点专项(20162010)资助

摘　　要：修订茶树霜冻害气象指标对于科学客观地开展春季茶树霜冻灾害的监测预警和影响评估具有重要意义。本文以浙江省茶树4个主栽品种为材料,应用人工气候箱开展低温胁迫控制试验,模拟6组不同低温条件和持续时间(15℃/3℃、12℃/2℃、10℃/1℃、10℃/0℃、10℃/-1℃、10℃/-2℃,各设置组较高温度持续12 h,较低温度持续4 h;对照温度25℃),观测茶树叶片生理生化指标的变化,应用Logistic函数确定茶树的半致死温度。结果表明:茶树霜冻害的发生与低温强度和持续时间密切相关,各品种茶树叶片半致死温度为福鼎大白茶(-1.5℃)<乌牛早(-1.3℃)<鸠坑(-1.2℃)<龙井43(-0.7℃);结合历史灾情和茶园逐小时气温观测数据,提出了新的茶树春霜冻害等级标准,包括气象指标、茶树受灾症状和新梢芽叶受害率,其中气象指标为新梢生长期间每日的小时最低气温和持续小时数。应用2013年春季2次霜冻灾害验证,新标准的监测结果与实际情况基本吻合,并且比原有标准吻合率提高41.7%。研究成果可为茶叶气象定量化服务提供重要的技术支持。Revision on meteorological indices of frost disaster for Camellia sinensis can provide more scientific and proper criteria for the prevention and evaluation of the spring frost disaster. Taking 4 main varieties of C. sinensis in Zhejiang Province as study objects, changes of physiological indices in C. sinensis leaves were observed in 6 groups of different low temperature and duration time in artificial climate box （ 15℃/3 ℃, 12 ℃/2 ℃, 10 ℃/1 ℃, 10 ℃/0 ℃, 10℃/ -1 ℃, 10℃/-2℃, with higher temperature lasting 12 h while lower lasting 4 h; 25 ℃as control）. Thereby, semi-lethal temperature of C. sinensis was determined by the application of Logistic function. The results showed that happening of frost disaster was closely related with low temperature intensity and duration, and the semi-lethal temperatures of the 4 varieties were Fortin white tea （-1.5 ℃） 〈 Wuniuzao （-1.3 ℃） 〈 Jiukeng （-1.2 ℃） 〈 Longjing43 （-0.7℃）. Accordingly, a new rating standard of frost disaster for C. sinensis was put forward by combining historical disaster with hourly temperature data of tea gardens. The rating standard included three parts, namely meteorological index, symptom and frost damage percentage of new spring shoots. Among them, the meteorological index referred to hourly minimum air temperature and its duration during the growth period of C. sinensis. The validation by two frost disasters in the spring of 2013 indicated that the monitoring results of the new rating standard were consistent with the actual situation, with 41.7% higher percentage of accuracy than that of the original standard. This study provides important technique support for quantitative tea meteorological services.

关 键 词：春霜冻害 低温胁迫 半致死温度 持续小时数 气象指标 茶树 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]