米糠高纤维日粮对苏淮猪生长性能及肠道功能的影响  

Effects of rice bran source high fibre diet on growth performance and intestine function of Suhuai pigs

作　　者：张叶秋 郝帅帅[1,2] 高硕[1,2] 吴艳[1,3] 李强[3] 李平华[1,2] 黄瑞华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学养猪研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学淮安研究院,江苏淮安223005 [3]淮安市淮阴种猪场,江苏淮安223322

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2016年第5期807-813,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD03B02-4);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(15)1006);中央高校基本业务费(KYCYL201502);淮安市科技支撑计划(农业)项目(SN13094)

摘　　要：[目的]本试验旨在研究米糠替代部分玉米形成的高纤维日粮对我国培育新品种苏淮猪生长性能、小肠形态、肠道发育及微生物区系的影响。[方法]试验选取160日龄左右、体质量相近的纯种苏淮猪24头,随机分为2组,分别饲喂粗纤维含量为4.7%的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮和粗纤维含量为7.5%的米糠替代部分玉米的高纤维日粮,试验期75 d。分别于试验第0、14、28和75天采集粪样,用于测定羧甲基纤维素酶活性和微生物数量。试验结束屠宰全部试验猪,测量胃肠道相对质量和相对长度,并采集小肠组织样,用于形态学观察。[结果]与对照组相比,米糠组平均上午采食量和日均采食量极显著下降（P〈0.01）,平均日增重与料重比无显著变化（P〉0.05）。试验第14天,米糠组羧甲基纤维素酶活性极显著升高（P〈0.01）,黄色瘤胃球菌数量增加（P〈0.05）;乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量在试验第28天均显著增加（P〈0.05）;柔嫩梭菌数量在试验结束时显著升高（P〈0.05）,而白色瘤胃球菌在整个试验期均无显著变化（P〉0.05）。饲喂米糠增加了大肠占整个肠道质量的比例（P〈0.01）,同时促进了十二指肠和空肠绒毛生长（P〈0.01）,加深了空肠隐窝深度（P〈0.05）。[结论]添加34.8%米糠的高纤维日粮不影响苏淮猪（50-90 kg）生长,并能促进小肠绒毛生长,优化大肠微生物区系。[Objectives]The study was conducted to examine the effects of replacing partial corn with rice bran on growth performance,intestinal morphology,intestinal development and gut microbiota of Chinese new breed Suhuai pigs. [Methods]Twenty-four 160 day-old healthy Suhuai pigs with similar body weight were randomly allocated into 2 groups to receive basal corn-soybean diet containing 4.7%fibre and high fibrerice bran diet containing 7. 5% fibre for 75 days,respectively. We collected feces on 0,14,28 and 75 days for caboxymethyl cellulose（ CMC） and microbiota analysis. At the end of trial,all pigs were slaughtered and relative weight and length of gastrointestinal tract（ GIT） were measured,and small intestine tissues were collected for morphologic observation. [Results]Average feed intake in the morning and average daily feed intake significantly decreased when pigs was fed with rice bran diets,and no significant difference was observed with average daily gain and feed to gain ratio（ P〉0. 05）. On 14 days of trial,rice bran diets increased CMC activity（ P〈0. 01） and the number of Ruminococcus flavefaciens（ P〈0. 05）. The amount of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium increased of pigs with rice bran diets on 28 days of trial（ P〈0. 05）. Clostridium leptum population of rice bran diet increased on 75 days of trial（ P 0.05）,and the number of Ruminococcus albus had no significant changes during the whole trial（ P0.05）. Partially replacing of corn by rice bran increased large intestine weight ratio（ P〈0. 05）,as well as the duodenal and jejunal villus heights（ P〈0.01）,crypt depths of jejunum（ P0.05）. [Conclusions]Supplementation with 34.8% rice bran had no influence on growth performance of Suhuai pigs（ 50- 90 kg）,but improved small intestine villus heights,and had optimized effects on microbial community of large intestine.

关 键 词：米糠 纤维 苏淮猪 生长性能 肠道发育 小肠形态 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]