反向对抗逻辑范式的创立与证实——人工语法PDP对抗逻辑的改进  

Anti-opposition logic paradigm: An improvement on the opposition logic in implicit artificial grammar learning

作　　者：张剑心 汤旦 李莹丽[1] 刘电芝[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学教育学院,苏州215123

出　　处：《心理学报》2016年第9期1130-1142,共13页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31271084);国家自然科学基金(31540025)资助

摘　　要：人工语法对抗逻辑范式不能排除相似性和辨别力,导致自动反应不纯粹甚至虚假或无法检测到。本研究创立反向对抗逻辑范式,采用单因素(相容/对抗条件)被试间设计:内隐学习阶段将肯定标签与语法A绑定,否定标签与语法B绑定;测量阶段相容条件组对语法A和B做与学习阶段一致的判断,对抗条件组对语法B做与学习阶段对抗的肯定判断。实验证明:(1)外显否定标签可与语法B绑定学习而获得自动化特征,产生内隐联结自动化。(2)内隐否定知识比肯定知识更自动,知识从肯定转为否定易,从否定转为肯定难。(3)反向对抗逻辑范式能有效检测到自动反应,不受语法间形式相似性和辨别力影响。(4)首次析出高概率判断偏向效应,得到纯粹受控反应。Dienes, Altmann, Kwan, ＆ Goode （1995） for the first time used opposition logic of PDP in artificial grammar paradigm. They strictly match facial similarity among two sets of grammar and illegal strings, but found no automatic response. We speculated that facial similarity might lead to a great discrimination on two sets of grammar in learning phase, make their implicit knowledge in the measurement phase able to comply with explicit task requirements, and disguise the automatic response. Higham, Vokey, ＆ Pritchard （2000） also used opposition logic of PDP in artificial grammar paradigm, and successfully discovered controlled and automatic response for the first time. However they only matched facial similarity between two sets of grammar but not among them and illegal strings, which lead to detect false automatic response caused by facial similarity rather than real automatic response caused by implicit knowledge, therefore their experiment was questioned by many researchers. So when the opposition logic paradigm in artificial grammar was born, it had so many defects that it couldn’t be further developed and couldn’t be widely used in artificial grammar paradigm. But if we make success of the opposition logic paradigm, it could be used to quantitatively detect controlled and automatic responses in artificial grammar learning, which might push reaserch of objective consciousness improving much. Therefore the present study attempts to solve the defects of it. The present study used single factor （experimental conditions： in-concert condition and opposition condition） design between subjects, and divided the participants into two groups： in-concert condition group and opposition condition group. The experimental materials were the same as Dienes, et al （1995）’s. But we bound negative label and grammar B together into implicit learning, and created an anti-opposition logic paradigm. In learning phase participants were asked to implicitly learn grammar A, but learn grammar B as illegal. In

关 键 词：形式相似性 受控反应 自动反应 否定标签 反向对抗逻辑范式 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]