论环境享有权作为环境法上权利的核心构造  

The Rights of Enjoying the Environment as the Core of Rights in Environmental Law

作　　者：汪劲[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《政法论丛》2016年第5期51-58,共8页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地--武汉大学环境法研究所委托重大项目"环境法上的权利类型研究"(12JJD820010)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：环境享有权是每个公民(自然人)生存本能需求的表达,既包括对清洁环境要素的生理享受,也包括对优美景观、原生自然状况的精神和心理享受。环境法上权利群落中绝大多数权利所承载的社会功能,或多或少可为现有部门法之法律解释所涵盖,或者为传统部门法中理论基础较完善与发达的母权利所演绎得出。而对于公民对良好环境享有需求的保护则不然,其要么遇到了我国实定法上的障碍,要么已穷尽现实中法律解释之空间,环境享有权的缺失无助于我国全社会范围内环保工作的社会动员,也无法提供基于精神层面审美需求凝聚的社会共识所需要的权能。环境享有权的功能恰恰在于保护公民拥有的舒适环境、能够欣赏文化与自然美。这种新型的权利类型应是我国环境法上权利的核心构造,也应在现实司法裁判中通过法律解释与法律续造的方式逐步得以确立。The rights of enjoying the environment are the expression of instinct for survival by every citizen （natural person） , which include not only physical pleasure for a clean environment, but also spiritual and mental enjoyment for fine scenery and primary state of nature. The social functions born in most of rights among the rights group in environmental law can be legally interpreted more or less by existing department laws, or be derived by the deduction from parent rights with perfect and advanced theoretical basis in traditional department laws. The situation is different when it comes to protecting citizens＇ demand for a good environment. It encountered either law barriers or problems in legal interpretation. Neither does the lack of the rights of enjoying the environment make contribution to social mobilization of environmental protection within the whole society, nor it provides the power and function required by social consensus based on aesthetic needs at the spiritual level. Therefore, the function of the rights of enjoying the environment is precisely to secure citizens＇ owning a comfortable environment and ability to enjoy cultural and natural beauty. This new kind of rights should be the core of rights in environmental law in China, and it is neeessary for judges to establish the protection of the rights of enjoying the environmental in judicature through legal interpretation and legal construction.

关 键 词：环境享有权 法律解释 功能分析 类型化方法 环境法 

分 类 号：DF46[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]