元代汉语中的平比句和比拟句  

The Study on Chinese Equative Sentences and Analogous Sentences in Yuan Dynasty

作　　者：高育花[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学中文学院,北京100089

出　　处：《长江学术》2016年第3期95-105,共11页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：国家社科基金项目<汉语平比句和比拟式的历史发展与演变机制研究>(12BYY084);北京外国语大学校级科研重点项目<汉语平比句和比拟式的历史发展与演变机制>(2011XJ013)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：元代汉语中平比句和比拟句的表现形式有不少交叉、重叠之处,如"X+W+如/若/似+Y"、"X+如/似/也似+Y+W"、"X与/和/如/似/同/是/比如Y一般/般"、"X如/如同Y相似"等既可表示平比,也可表示比拟。但是,二者在表现形式和使用频率上也有诸多不同。首先,比拟句表现形式更为丰富,除继承前代已有的表达形式外,还出现了"Y似/也似""X+如/是/似+Y也似"等新型比拟式。其次,从总体上看,元代汉语中比拟句的使用频率远远高于平比句。There is some overlap between the equative sentences and analogous sentences of Chinese in Yuan Dynasty, for instance, we can find these following patterns in both of the two kinds of sentences： ＂X＋W＋如/若/似＋ Y＂, ＂X＋如/似/也似＋ Y＋ W＂, ＂X 与/和/如/似/同/是/比如Y一般/般＂, ＂X 如/如同Y相似＂. However, they have some differences in the aspects of forms and frequency of use. Firstly, the analogous sentences have much more variation than the equative sentences, thus the analogous sentences can use some new forms, i.e. ＂Y＋Si（似）/Yesi（也似）＂＂X＋如/是/似＋Y 也似＂. Secondly, in general, the frequency of the analogous sentences is also higher than the equative ones in Chinese in Yuan Dynasty.

关 键 词：平比句 比拟句 比拟式 元代汉语 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]