清朝乾隆时期的文化政策与士人群体的分化  

On the Cultural Policy in the Period of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty And the Differentiation of the Literati Group

作　　者：李明军[1] 

机构地区：[1]临沂大学文学院,山东临沂276005

出　　处：《阴山学刊》2016年第5期45-52,共8页Yinshan Academic Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"明清时期通俗小说的文人化研究"(14BZW065)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：清代乾隆朝的文化政策承袭康熙朝的文治政策,又有新的变化。乾隆朝文化政策外宽松而实严厉,文字狱案数量最多。《四库全书》的编纂对文化产生了重要影响,促成了考据学风的形成。科举制度对士风、文风的影响不可忽视,时文与古文的对立成为一种话语表述形式,诗文的言志传道作用得到前所未有的强调。道统、文统与政统的矛盾在乾隆时期变得更为突出,很多文人在经历出与入的矛盾彷徨后,选择了人格尊严和自由适意,儒家风雅诗教复兴由此终结。The cultural policy in Emperor Qianlong Dynasty followed the literary administration policy of Emperor Kangxi Dynasty, and had new changes. The cultural policy of Emperor Qianlong Dynasty was seemingly loose but tough actually, and the number of literary persecution was the largest. The compilation of “Authorized Books” influenced the culture significantly, and contributed to the formation of Textual research study style. The imperial examination system influenced overwhelmingly the intellectual general mood and the style of writing. The contradiction between classical prose and fashionable prose became a kind of discourse expression form. The expressing and teaching function of poems and essays was emphasized unprecedentedly. The contradiction between Confucian orthodoxy, literary traditions and political system became more prominent in Emperor Qianlong Dynasty. Many scholars chose the human dignity and the free relaxation after the self - contradiction of being officials and being hermits. The renaissance of Confucian poetics then ended.

关 键 词：文化政策 《四库全书》 考据学风 科举制度 士风 

分 类 号：G129[文化科学]