外源氮、硫添加对闽江河口湿地CH4、CO2排放的短期影响  

Short-term Effects of Nitrogen and Sulfate Addition on CH_4 and CO_2 Emissions in the Tidal Marsh of Minjiang River Estuary

作　　者：胡敏杰[1] 任鹏[1] 黄佳芳[1] 仝川[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,湿润亚热带生态-地理过程教育部重点实验室,亚热带湿地研究中心,福州350007

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第9期3606-3615,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371127);福建省科技计划重点项目(2014R1034-1);福建师范大学亚热带河口生物地球化学创新团队项目(IRTL1205);福建师范大学地理科学学院研究生创新基金项目

摘　　要：于2015年4月在闽江河口鳝鱼滩湿地原位开展氮、硫添加实验,研究外源氮、硫添加对河口湿地CH_4、CO_2排放通量的短期影响,并同步观测相关环境因子.结果表明,NH_4Cl(NH)和NH_4NO_3+K_2SO_4(NS)添加显著促进了河口湿地CH_4平均排放通量(P<0.01),NS耦合添加显著促进了湿地CO_2平均排放通量(P<0.05);KNO_3(NO)和K_2SO_4(S)处理在实验期间对CH_4、CO_2排放通量表现为促进与抑制作用的交互影响,并且影响均不显著(P>0.05).与对照(CK)相比,NH和NS添加使CH_4平均排放通量分别提高了(286.36%、122.73%),使CO_2平均排放通量分别提高了(39.92%、34.24%).氮、硫添加对河口潮滩湿地CH_4、CO_2排放的影响具有明显的时间变异性,改变了短叶茳芏湿地生长季CH_4排放时间变化规律,但未改变CO_2排放时间规律.相关分析显示,NH和NS添加处理下河口湿地土壤CH_4、CO_2排放通量主要受土温、EC、DOC以及NH+4-N的控制(P<0.05或P<0.01),NO和S处理主要受土温、EC、pH、DOC、NO_3^--N的控制(P<0.05或P<0.01),CK处理则主要受土温的影响(P<0.01).温度、盐度、氮有效性是影响河口湿地CO_2、CH_4排放的主要因素.In April 2015,using enclosed static opaque chamber-GC techniques,the short-term effects of nitrogen and sulfate addition on the CH4 and CO2emissions were measured in the Cyperus malaccensis marsh in the high tidal flat of the Minjiang River estuary,and the key factors controlling the variation of CH4 and CO2were examined. The influences of nitrogen and sulfate addition on the CH4 and CO2emissions were different in different time scales. CH4 emission increased significantly under the NH4Cl（ NH） and NH4NO3＋K2SO4（ NS） additions（ P〈0. 01）,CO2 emission increased significantly with NS addition（ P〈0. 05）,but CH4 and CO2emissions demonstrated an obvious fluctuation pattern with KNO3（ NO） and K2SO4（ S） additions. Compared with the control（ CK）,average CH4 emissions increased by 286. 36% and 122. 73%,respectively,in the NH and NS addition treatments,average CO2 emissions increased by 39. 92% and 34. 24%,respectively,with the NH and NS additions treatments. The nitrogen and sulfate addition changed the temporal variation of CH4 and CO2emissions from the C. malaccensis wetlands in growing season. Significant correlations were found among CO2,CH4 emissions,and soil temperature,electrical conductivity（ EC）,DOC（ dissolved organic carbon） and NH4^＋-N（ P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01） in the treatments with NH and NS additions; and soil temperature,EC,DOC and NO3^--N（ P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）in the treatments with NO and NS additions. Temperature,EC and nitrogen availability were the dominant factors controlling the temporal variations of CH4 and CO2 emissions in estuarine tidal marsh ecosystem.

关 键 词：温室气体排放 氮、硫添加 短叶茳芏 潮滩湿地 闽江河口 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]