新制度主义视野下的美国大学校际体育竞赛研究  

American Intercollegiate Athletics in the Perspective of New Institutionalism

作　　者：陈卓[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江警察学院社会科学部,浙江杭州310053

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2016年第8期94-101,共8页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：浙江省高校优秀中青年思想政治理论课教师择优资助计划(2015);2015年度浙江省高等教育教学改革项目"新时期高校‘交往德育模式’改革"(编号:jg2015194)

摘　　要：为纠正人们对美国大学校际体育竞赛过于理想化的认识,在回顾其发展历程的基础上,较为系统地梳理美国大学校际体育竞赛的现状特点,总结其经验教训。采用文献资料法、案例分析法,并运用新制度主义的理论方法,从制度的规制性要素、规范性要素和文化-认知要素出发,借助于理性系统、自然系统与开放系统3种视角,分析美国大学校际体育竞赛,关注其目标、规则和权力问题。在目标方面,如何处理学术价值与商业利益的关系,这始终是美国大学校际体育竞赛未能解决的一个问题,甚至还在一定程度上背离了大学教育的目标。在规则方面,成文的规章制度与不成文的"潜规则"之间一直存在张力,这不仅体现在NCAA规章制度的演变过程中,而且集中反映在今天校际体育竞赛中的各种游戏法则上。在权力方面,改革竞赛的弊端需要采取以校长为核心的协商性行为,并在此基础上建立不同层次的支配同盟。To correct our over-idealize recognition of American intercollegiate athletics,this research reviewed its history,combed its current features,and concluded its experiences and lessons. Started from regulative element,normative element and cultural-cognitive element of institution,this paper used rational system,natural system and open system to analyze American intercollegiate athletics and its target,rule,and power by the methods of literature review,case study,and New Institutionalism. In target aspect,how to deal with the relationship between academic value and business interest is an unresolved question and deviates university education target in a certain degree. In rule aspect,there are always some tension between written rules and unwritten hidden rules,which is not only in the changes of NCAA rules,but also in the rules of many current kinds of games. In power aspect,drawbacks of game reform need to have a consultative behavior among presidents and to build different levels dominant alliances based on this.

关 键 词：美国大学校际体育竞赛 新制度主义 培养目标 协商性行为 支配同盟 NCAA 制度变迁 规章制度 

分 类 号：G807.4[文化科学—体育训练]