6～12岁儿童人格发展的群组序列追踪研究  

Study on Personality Development of Children Aged 6～12 Years Old with Cohort-Sequential Longitudinal Design

作　　者：杨丽珠[1,2] 马振[1] 张金荣[3] 沈悦[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学心理学院,大连116029 [2]辽宁省儿童青少年健康人格评定与培养协同创新中心,大连116029 [3]湖州师范学院教师教育学院,湖州313000

出　　处：《心理科学》2016年第5期1123-1129,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"我国儿童青少年人格发展及其培养研究"(11AZD089)的资助

摘　　要：研究采用整群抽样法选取9个年龄群组小学生为被试,应用群组序列追踪设计,进行为期一年半4个时间点的测量,并运用潜变量增长曲线模型和多层线性模型进行数据分析,探讨了6～12岁儿童人格的年龄和性别发展特点。结果发现：（1）在整个小学阶段,认真自控呈持续的线性上升发展,智能特征、外倾性、亲社会性、情绪稳定性的发展呈现出先快速发展,而后发展放缓,在高年级出现下降的趋势。（2）女孩的认真自控在6岁时的初始值高于男孩,而且在整个小学阶段内的发展速度也快于男孩。Over the past few decades, personality researchers have suggested that personality during childhood is significantly more susceptible to change, but much less is known about how a child＇s personality traits typically develop. Additionally, as development may be faster paced in children, shorter time-intervals may be necessary to capture changes. Moreover, it is important to take into account the possibility of gender differences and age differences in personality development during childhood. The present study investigated personality development in Chinese children from 6 to 12 years old, including the development characteristics of different ages and genders. The study adopted a longitudinal study with a cohort-sequential design to examine personality development in nine cohorts of children who were, respectively, 6 - 6.5, 6.5 - 7, 7 - 7.5, 7.5 - 8, 8 - 8.5, 8 - 8.5, 8.5 - 9, 9 - 9.5, 9.5 - 10 and 10 - 10.5 years of age at the first measurement. The study was designed to have 4 waves in total, with measurement taken every six months. There were 1318 Chinese primary school students （667 boys, 651 girls） participated in this research .Teachers reported on the children＇s personality dimensions by filling out the Teacher-Reported Personality Inventory for Children. The questionnaire is derived from the lexical tradition, based on an extensive analysis of teachers＇ unguided free descriptions of their students. This instrument includes 62 items, assessing 15 facets that are hierarchically structured under five higher order domains. The higher order domains are labeled as follows： （1） Extraversion （11 items）, （2） Prosociality （13 items）, （3） Conscientiousness （16 items）, （4） Emotional Stability （8 items） and （5） Intelligence （14 items）. Items were rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The questionnaire is reliable （Cronbach＇s Alpha = .97, split half reliability = .91, retest reliability = .73, rater consistence reliability by teachers = .82） and valid （χ2 /

关 键 词：6~12岁儿童 人格发展 群组序列追踪设计 年龄差异 性别差异 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]