设施栽培下不同坐果技术对西瓜果实挥发性物质的影响  

Effect of different fruit setting methods on the fruit volatile compounds of watermelon under protected cultivation

作　　者：黄远[1] 李文海[1] 赵露 沈泰 陈海文[1] 孔秋生[1] 别之龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]园艺植物生物学教育部重点试验室.华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2016年第10期10-15,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203080);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-26-16);湖北省科技支撑计划(研发与示范类)(2015BKA349)

摘　　要：以植物生长调节剂氯吡脲(CPPU)为对照,研究了设施栽培下CPPU、人工授粉和蜜蜂授粉3种坐果方式对西瓜果实挥发性物质的影响。结果表明,人工授粉和蜜蜂授粉明显增加了挥发性物质的种类和含量,分别由CPPU处理的65种增加到68和75种,相对含量从96.66%增加到98.71%和99.98%,其中人工授粉下醇类物质增加的幅度较大,相对含量从10.60%增加到15.43%,主要增加的物质是(S)-1,2-丙二醇和(Z)-3-壬烯醇;蜜蜂授粉明显增加了醇类、酮类、酯类和烯类物质的相对含量,分别从10.60%,22.53%,0.35%,0.07%增加到22.87%,25.53%,1.07%,3.86%,主要增加的物质是(S)-1,2-丙二醇、(Z)-3-壬烯醇、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、6,10-二甲基-5,9-十一碳双烯-2-酮、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯和右旋萜二烯。与人工授粉比较,蜜蜂授粉下挥发性物质种类和相对含量明显增加。以上结果表明,人工授粉和蜜蜂授粉能明显提高西瓜果实挥发性物质的种类和含量,其中以蜜蜂授粉效果最佳,有助于提高果实品质。This study investigated the effect of 3 fruit setting methods on fruit volatile compounds of watermelon under protected cultivation system. The treatments were CPPU application, artificial pollination and bee pollination. The plants treated with plant growth regulator forchlorfenuron （CPPU） were used as control. The results showed that the number and relative contents of volatile compounds in watermelon fruits were obviously increased under artificial and bee pollination treatments. The total number of different volatile compounds increased from 65 to 68 and 75, and the relative contents were increased from 96.66% to 98.71% and 99.98% in CPPU, artificial pollination and bee pollination treatments, respectively. Among them the relative contents of alcohols increased to a larger extent under artificial pollination （10.60% to 15.43%）, the main increase was observed in （S）-（＋）-1, 2-propanediol and （Z）-3-nonen-1-ol contents. Compared with CPPU treatment, bee pollination obviously increased the relative content of alcohols, ketones, esters and alkenes; the respective value increased from 10.60%, 22.53%, 0.35%, and 0.07% to 22.87%, 25.53%, 1.07%, and 3.86%. The main increase was observedin（S）-（＋）- 1,2-propanedio,（Z）-3-nonen- 1-ol,6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one,6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, diisobutyl phthalate, and （R）-4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene. In addition, bee pollination obviously increased the number and relative content of volatile compounds compared with artificial pollination. The results indicated that artificial and bee pollination can increase the number and the relative contents of volatile compounds of watermelon fruit, bee pollination being the best which helps to improve fruit quality.

关 键 词：西瓜 蜜蜂授粉 果实品质 挥发性物质 

分 类 号：S627[农业科学—园艺学] S651