北京市青少年1955—2010年生长发育长期趋势分析  

Trajectory of growing and development among youths in Beijing,1955-2010

作　　者：吕若然[1] 段佳丽[1] 孙颖[1] 滕立新[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心器材科,100013

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第9期1281-1285,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的分析北京市儿童1955-2010年生长发育及营养状况长期趋势,为科学指导和预防相关疾病提供依据。方法 1955-1975年的资料源自于公开发表的文献资料,1985-2010年的资料源自于全国学生体质与健康调研。1985年以后,调查学校基本固定,测量方法和质量控制方法保持一致。调查对象为7-17岁在校学生,分别计算性别和年龄别的身高、体重、体质量指数（BMI）。结果北京市儿童1955-2010年生长发育总体呈现上升趋势。2010年北京市17岁男、女生身高分别达到175.37 cm和162.63 cm。1955-2010年男、女生身高总增幅分别为13.46 cm和11.17 cm,平均增速分别为2.45 cm/10年和2.03 cm/10年。2010年17岁男、女生体重分别达到66.75 kg和54.62 kg,1955-2010年男、女生体重平均增速分别为2.68 kg/10年和1.68 kg/10年。身高的最大平均增幅出现在1975-1985年,男、女生分别达到4.51cm/10年和3.23 cm/10年。男、女生分别在13岁和11岁年龄段时身高增幅最大,达到17.85 cm和15.90 cm。结论北京市儿童1955-2010年身高、体重总体呈现上升趋势,儿童健康和营养状况得到极大改善。2007年政府政策干预后,儿童肥胖上升趋势得以初步控制。Objective To analyze the growth trends of children in Beijing from 1955 to 2010. Methods Data for the period 1955-1975 were derived from published records. Data for the period 1985-2010 were derived from the Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health（ CNSSCH）. Since 1985, the overall sampling and measurement methods have been consistent.The mean, the standard deviation, and the variance（ ANOVA） of height, weight, and BMI by age and sex of students aged 7-17 were calculated and analyzed. Results Between 1955 and 2010, the average height and weight of children in Beijing has increased. The average increments per decade for boys and girls were 2.45 and 2.03 cm in height and 2.68 and 1.68 kg in weight, respectively. The largest height increase per decade occurred between 1975 and 1985： 4.51 cm and 3.23 cm for boys and girls, respectively. The largest height increase for the entire 55-year period under study occurred among boys at age 13（ 17.85 cm） and among girls at age 11（ 15.90 cm.） Conclusion During the period 1955- 2010, growth and health among children in Beijing were increasing positive. The health and nutritional status of these children improved significantly. Since 2007,it might be related to government intervention, childhood obesity has been curbed.

关 键 词：身高 体重 人体质量指数 社会经济因素 青少年 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R195[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]