高速列车车轮及轮对的声辐射特性  

Sound radiation characteristics of high-speed train wheel and wheelsets

作　　者：罗乐[1] 郑旭[1] 吕义[2] 郝志勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学能源工程学系,杭州310027 [2]长春轨道客车股份有限公司,长春130062

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2016年第5期1464-1470,共7页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：'863'国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2011AA11A103);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2016QNA4012)

摘　　要：以CRH3型高速列车的标准车轮为例,采用声学边界元法计算了单个车轮在单位垂向力下的辐射噪声。介绍了一种新型辐板屏蔽式阻尼车轮,并对比分析了阻尼车轮和标准车轮的声辐射特性。考虑了较为完整的边界条件,首先基于多体动力学提取了350km/h下列车的轮轨激励,然后建立了四轮对的声振耦合模型,用于研究轮对噪声在车厢表面形成的声学分布。结果表明:单个车轮的辐射声场随角度呈瓣状变化,随距离逐层递减,具有明显的指向性,踏面和辐板对辐射噪声的贡献量最大;相对于标准车轮,阻尼车轮的辐射声功率明显降低,尤其在峰值频率处;四轮对的辐射声场是多个车轮噪声源经叠加和干涉作用后的复合声场,主要作用在车厢端部,且保留了基本的指向特征;对比观察点处的声学响应发现,标准轮对的噪声峰值均在110dB以下,而阻尼轮对的声压级总值下降约15dB,降噪效果明显。The standard wheel of model CRH3high-speed train was taken as the study subject.The radiation noise of a single wheel under a vertical unit force excitation was calculated by acoustic Boundary Element Method（BEM）.Then a new damped wheel with web-mounted noise shielding was introduced.The sound characteristics of both wheels were analyzed contrastively.Detailed boundary conditions were taken into consideration in studying the wheelsets rolling noise distribution on the coach surface.First,Multi-body Dynamics（MBD）was adopted to extract the wheel-rail interaction forces at the speed of 350km/h.Then,a vibro-acoustic coupling model with four wheelsets was established.The results show that sound field of a single wheel reveals an evident directivity with petaloid variation by angle and continuous decrease by distance;and the wheel tread and web contribute the most rolling noise.Compared with the standard wheel the acoustic power of the damped wheel decreases significantly,especially at the peak frequency.The sound field of four wheelsets,which mainly distributes at the end of the coach and maintains the basic directivity,is formed underacomposite overlap and interference effect between multiple wheel noise sources.Finally,a sound pressure spectrum comparison at an observation point indicates that the peak value of the standard wheel noise is mostly below 110 dB,while the total sound pressure level of the damped wheelsets is reduced by 15 dB,therefore,the noise reduction effect of the wheelsets is quite satisfactory.

关 键 词：阻尼车轮 轮对 滚动噪声 声学边界元法 多体动力学 

分 类 号：TB532[理学—物理]