部队高原驻训的饮食饮水卫生安全保障能力调查  

Health security measures of food and drinking water during military training on the plateau

作　　者：孙如宝 李利忠 王强 

机构地区：[1]解放军疾病预防控制所,北京100071

出　　处：《军事医学》2016年第9期751-754,共4页Military Medical Sciences

基　　金：全军后勤科研计划重点项目(BWS12J043)

摘　　要：目的了解部队高原驻训的饮食饮水卫生安全需求,探索提升部队卫生保障能力的途径。方法随机抽取7家单位,通过实地查看和现场检测相结合的方法,调查某地域宿舍内外环境变化以及部队的饮食、饮水卫生安全状况。利用内标和外标校准方法对仪器测量的稳定性进行测试。结果该地域宿舍内外环境的昼夜温差以及湿度变化大。2家野战部队单位的食品原料均为统一采购,采购点固定,但5家卫勤保障单位则是独立采购,并且7家单位均缺少食品储运的保藏设施设备。在抽检的53份食品样品中,1份样品的农药残留不合格。3份水样的浑浊度、氨氮、硝酸盐氮3项指标符合卫生要求,未检测出游离余氯和总氯。高原环境下对分光光度计测量无显著影响,但对酶联免疫检测仪有显著影响。结论部队高原作训存在饮食饮水卫生安全隐患,应完善管理流程以及强化装备适应性以提升野外卫生保障效能。Objective To investigate the health security requirements on food and drinking water during military training on the plateau,and explore ways to improve military health security support capability.Methods Seven army units were randomly chosen.By means of on-site check and sample detection,both internal and external environmental factor changes and health and safety conditions of food and drinking water were surveyed on the plateau.Internal and external standard methods were used to test the stability of portable instruments.Results There was considerable difference in diurnal temperature and relative humidity between indoors and outdoors.In two field units,raw materials of foods were purchased in a centralized manner and suppliers were fixed,they were purchased independently in the othev five units. Facilities of food storage and transportation were lacking in all the seven units.In one of the fifty-three food samples, residues of pesticides exceeded the national standard.Among the three water samples,the level of turbidity,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was lower than the standard limits,but free residual chlorine and total chlorine were not detected.The plateau environment had no significant effect on spectrophotometers,but had significant influence on enzyme-linked immune detectors.Conclusion There are potential health hazards to training troops on the plateau that arise from foods and drinking water.Improvement of management and equipment adaptability is needed to further enhance the field health security efficacy.

关 键 词：部队 急进高原 食品 饮用水 卫生安全 

分 类 号：R821[医药卫生—临床医学]