天下之重还是人情之安?——从“大礼仪”之争看礼的困境  

The Importance of Nation or the Peace of Human Feelings?——The Plight of Li in the View of “The Great Ritual Controversy”

作　　者：张辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2016年第5期18-23,共6页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：嘉靖年间发生的"大礼仪"事件,之所以长久激烈的争论,其主要原因在于礼自身的困境。"礼本人情",它既本于内在个体情感,同时又表现为普遍的外在制度规范。人情的个体化缺乏规范的节制可能带来随意性,普遍规范的则不能因人情而损益可能带来僵化,使得合人情和规范不能实现,这构成了礼的第一个困境。在家国同构的传统中国,礼作为家庭规范而存在,同时延伸到国家政治领域,是家庭伦理和公共规范的合一,但现实中,家庭利益和国家责任的冲突使得这种合一难以保持,这是礼的第二个困境。"大礼仪"过程中,礼的这两个困境构成了议礼双方理论上争辩的主要原因。The long fierce debate of ＂ The Great Ritual Controversy＂ during Jia - jing period of the Ming Dynasty lies in the plight of the Li itself. ＂ Li takes human feelings as its root＂ means th at Li is born of individual emotions and embodies in the universal system norms. The individualization of human feelings lacking the control of norms may result in the randomness. The profit and loss of universal norms independent of human feelings may result in the ossification. So the incompatibility between human feelings and norms constitutes the first plight of the Li. In traditional Chinese society where the family and country are united in the same structure , Li is the unity of family ethics and public norms. But in reality , the conflict between family interests and national responsibility makes it difficult to maintain this accordance, which is the second plight of the Li. In the process of ＂ The Great Ritual Controversy＂ , the above two plights of the Li constitute the main reason for the debate between the par ties.

关 键 词：大礼仪 礼 困境 人情 规范 家国冲突 

分 类 号：B249[哲学宗教—中国哲学]