秸秆生物炭对烤烟生长发育、土壤有机碳及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Straw Biochar on Tobacco Growth, Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Enzyme Activities

作　　者：张继旭[1,2] 张继光[1] 张忠锋[1] 王瑞[3] 高林[1] 戴衍晨 孟贵星[3] 王树键[4] 马强[4] 许倩[4] 申国明[1] ZHANG Jixu ZHANG Jiguang ZHANG Zhongfeng WANG Rui GAO Lin DAI Yanchen MENG Guixing WANG Shujian MA Qiang XU Qian SHEN Guoming(Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266101, China Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Enshi Branch of Hubei Tobacco Company of Hubei Province, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China 4. China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., Ltd., Jinan 250014, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,农业部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,青岛266101 [2]青岛农业大学,青岛266109 [3]湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,湖北恩施445000 [4]山东中烟工业有限责任公司,济南250014

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2016年第5期16-21,共6页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司科技重点项目“‘清江源’生态富硒特色烟叶生产关键技术研究与应用”(110201202014);中国烟草总公司面上项目“土地整理后土壤养分变化与修复及烤烟变量施肥技术研究”(2013-149);国家自然科学基金“不同种植模式烟草根际土壤微生物群落结构及其生物功能稳定性研究”(41201291);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC06)

摘　　要：为探讨秸秆生物炭在植烟土壤的应用效果,通过盆栽试验研究了不同生物炭添加量对烤烟生长发育、土壤有机碳及酶活性的影响。结果表明,土壤中添加适量生物炭（0.2%-1.0%）有助于烤烟的生长发育,表现为株高、叶面积及地上部茎、叶生物量的增加,而较高的添加量（5.0%）则有抑制作用;但烟株根系发育与此不同,其根系生物量与根冠比随生物炭添加量的增加而增加,其中以添加量5.0%时烤烟根系生物量及根冠比最高。此外,随生物炭添加量的增加,土壤有机碳及活性有机碳含量均呈增加趋势,但活性有机碳的增加效果没有总有机碳明显。土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均随生物炭添加量的增加有不同程度提高,过氧化氢酶活性则下降或变化不大。因此,生物炭施用对烤烟生长发育及土壤生物活性具有重要影响,由于生物炭与土壤的相互作用是一个长期过程,后续还需通过长期定位试验来系统研究其对烟草生长发育的正负效应及其内在机理。To investigate the effects of biochar application on tobacco field, pot experiments were conducted to study the impacts of straw biochar at different levels on tobacco growth, soil organic carbon and enzyme activities. The results showed that the growth of tobacco was promoted by biochar application in the soil at moderate levels（0.2%-1.0%）. Tobacco height, tobacco leaf area, and the biomass of stem and leaves were all increased with moderate levels but inhibited by the high level（5.0%） of biochar application. Different from the aboveground organs, the growth of tobacco roots and the root/shoot ratio were both promoted with the tested levels of biochar application, with the 5.0% level of biochar treatment having the highest root biomass and root/shoot ratio. Moreover, the contents of soil organic carbon and active organic carbon both increased with the increase of biochar application, reaching the highest values in the 5.0% biochar treatment. The increase of active organic carbon was however less than that of total organic carbon. The soil urease, invertase and acid phosphatase activities all increased in different extent with the increase of biochar application, but the catalase activities were decreased or not changed. In summary, the effects of straw biochar application on tobacco growth and soil biological activities are very important, but the interaction between biochar and soil is a long-term process in tobacco field. Long-term experimental studies should be conducted to test the positive and negative effects of biochar application on tobacco growth and development and its related mechanisms.

关 键 词：生物炭 烤烟 生物量 有机碳 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]