施氮和再生水灌溉对设施土壤酶活性的影响  

Influence of Nitrogen Application and Reclaimed Wastewater Irrigation on Greenhouse Soil Enzyme Activities

作　　者：周媛[1,2] 李平[1] 郭魏[1,2] 齐学斌[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]中国农业科学院农业水资源高效安全利用重点开放实验室,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第4期268-273,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划"863"项目(2012AA101404);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51479201;51009141)

摘　　要：为探讨再生水灌溉和氮肥施用对土壤酶活性的影响,采用田间小区试验,以清水不施氮肥和再生水不施氮肥为对照,研究了4种氮素水平下再生水灌溉对土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、淀粉酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性的变化及生育期土壤矿质氮、全氮的盈亏状况。结果表明,再生水灌溉提高了土壤脲酶和淀粉酶活性,降低了土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性;不同施氮水平下,再生水灌溉土壤脲酶活性、高氮处理土壤蔗糖酶活性和淀粉酶活性、低氮处理过氧化氢酶活性和番茄收获后土壤全氮含量均低于清水灌溉处理;相同灌水水质下,再生水灌溉施肥处理对土壤蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性起到促进作用,对脲酶和淀粉酶活性有抑制作用,清水灌溉施肥处理对土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性起到促进作用,对淀粉酶和过氧化氢活性有抑制作用;再生水灌溉土壤矿质氮变化量较清水灌溉显著提高,而再生水灌溉下施肥处理降低了土壤矿质氮变化量。因此,适量减氮并辅以再生水灌溉处理能够提高土壤供氮能力和自净能力,增强土壤解毒能力并提升土壤肥力,减少再生水的排放和氮肥用量;不同施氮水平再生水灌溉对土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶和过氧化氢酶活性及土壤矿质氮含量、全氮含量影响存在极显著差异。A field experiment was carried out to discuss the effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on soil enzyme activities. Soil urease, invertase, amylase and catalase activity, as well as the profit and loss situation of soil mineral nitrogen and total nitrogen in the growth period, were analyzed in 4 fertilization treatments under different nitrogen levels with clean water and reclaimed wastewater irrigation.decreased invertase and catalase activity. With reclaimed wastewater irrigation, soil urease activity under different nitrogen fertilization levels, soil invertase and amylase activity of high nitrogen treatment, catalase activity of low nitrogen treatment and soil total nitrogen content after tomato harvest were less than those with clean water irrigation. In fertilization treatments, reclaimed wastewater irrigation improved soil invertase and eatalase activity, but reduced urease and amylase activity, while clean water irrigation promoted urease and invertase activity, but inhibited amylase and catalase activity. Reclaimed wastewater irrigation increased soil mineral nitrogen significantly, compared with clear water irrigation, and decreased the variation of soil mineral nitrogen. This study showed that appropriate nitrogen reduction with reclaimed wastewater irrigation was an effective measure to improve the soil nitrogen supplying capacity and self-purification ability, enhance the capacity of soil detoxification and soil fertility, and reduce the discharge of reclaimed wastewater and nitrogen fertilizer amount. Different nitrogen levels with reclaimed wastewater irrigation exerted different influence on soil urease, invertase, amylase and catalase activity, soil mineral nitrogen content and total nitrogen content

关 键 词：再生水灌溉 设施土壤 脲酶 蔗糖酶 淀粉酶 过氧化氢酶 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S154.2[农业科学—农业工程]