罗尔斯的正义论对我国分配公平问题的启示  

Enlightenment of Rawls' Theory of Justice on Distributive Fairness in China

作　　者：张兵[1] 董新凯[2] Zhang Bing Dong Xinkai

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学公共事务学院 [2]南京理工大学知识产权学院

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2016年第10期152-156,共5页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：公平和效率是一对矛盾,学术界围绕二者的关系问题争论已久。一般重视市场作用、提倡经济自由的都主张效率优先,货币主义学派和新自由主义学派均持这种主张;而重视政府宏观调控、经济干预的都主张公平优先,美国著名的哲学家约翰·罗尔斯就是这种观点的典型代表。在罗尔斯的惊世著作《正义论》中,他提出了"平等自由原则、机会平等和差别原则"两个基本原则,并在此基础上,构建其"正义"的理论大厦。罗尔斯的正义论对西方现代资本主义国家、现代自由主义国家和现代福利主义国家均产生了重要影响,使其既讲效率、又不得不关注公平,既强调公平、又不得不关注效率。罗尔斯的正义论对我国分配公平问题有着重要的借鉴和启发意义。我国的公平是平等与不平等的统一,是效率与公平的兼顾,主要从初次分配和再分配两个端口把握。Fairness is in contradiction with efficiency, which raises much discussion among scholars for years. In general, those who emphasize economic freedom give priority to efficiency, typical representatives being monetarism school and neo-liberalism school. On the other hand, those who attach importance to the macro-control and economic intervention by government maintain that fairness comes first, the well-known American philosopher John Rawls serving as a typical example. In his book A Theory of Justice, Rawls puts forward two basic principles： ＂liberal equality principle and difference principle＂. Based on these two principles, he develops his theory of ＂justice＂. This theory exerts great influence on western capitalist countries, modem liberal states and modern wel- fare countries, leading these countries to strike a good balance between fairness and efficiency. In terms of China, Rawls＇ theory of justice can also bring enlightenment. In China, fairness is the in- tegrate of equality and inequality as well as the combination with efficiency, which is realized in the process of primary distribution and redistribution.

关 键 词：正义论 社会主义 和谐社会 

分 类 号：G641[文化科学—高等教育学]