海水环境中Hg^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)对张氏马尾藻幼孢子体的生物毒性研究  

Biotoxcity of Hg^(2+),Cd^(2+)and Pb^(2+) in germlings of Sargassum zhangii Tseng et Lu in seawater

作　　者：欧泽奎 刘东超[1] 谢恩义[1] 冯暖怡 和秀 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524025

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2016年第5期43-52,共10页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2006B60501016;2009B080701048;2012B020307006)

摘　　要：研究了含不同浓度汞离子(Hg^(2+))、镉离子(Cd^(2+))、铅离子(Pb^(2+))的自然海水对张氏马尾藻(Sargassum zhangii Tseng et Lu)幼孢子体的生物毒性。单因子实验结果表明,当海水中Hg^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)的浓度范围分别为0.04~1μmol·L-1、0.04~25μmol·L-1和0.04~25μmol·L-1时,Hg^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)对幼孢子体的生物毒性均随离子浓度的升高而显著增强,且随胁迫时间延长而累积;3种重金属离子对幼孢子体的生物毒性大小顺序为Hg^(2+)>Cd^(2+)>Pb^(2+)。正交实验结果表明,当Hg^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)分别以浓度0.08μmol·L-1、2.8μmol·L-1、3μmol·L-1共存时,对幼孢子体的毒性最强;当Hg^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)同时处于低浓度水平时,Pb^(2+)对幼孢子体的生长产生主导抑制效应,Cd^(2+)其次;相反,当各重金属离子同时处于高浓度水平时,Hg^(2+)对幼孢子体的生长产生主导抑制效应,Cd^(2+)其次;当Hg^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)联合作用时,Hg^(2+)、Cd^(2+)呈现协同效应,Hg^(2+)、Cd^(2+)对Pb^(2+)产生拮抗效应。建议在张氏马尾藻育苗过程中将海水中的Hg^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Pb^(2+)浓度严格控制在0.04μmol·L-1以下,尤其要避免3种重金属离子的联合毒害。In this study,chronic toxicity experiments were conducted to explore the biotoxicity of seawater with different Hg^2＋,Cd^2＋and Pb^2＋concentrations to germlings of Sargassum zhangii Tseng et Lu. For single factor experiment,with increasing heavy metal ion concentration in seawater,the toxicity of seawater to germlings enhanced significantly and accumulated with time when Hg^2＋,Cd^2＋and Pb^2＋concentrations in seawater were 0. 04 - 1 μmol·L^- 1,0. 04 - 25 μmol·L^- 1and 0. 04 - 25 μmol·L^- 1. The descending order of toxicity of three heavy metal ions to germlings was Hg^2＋ Cd^2＋ Pb^2＋. For orthogonal experiment,at the Hg^2＋concentration of 0. 08μmol·L^- 1,Cd^2＋concentration of 2. 8 μmol·L^- 1and Pb^2＋concentration of 3 μmol·L^- 1,the joint toxicity toward germlings reached the maximum. When Hg^2＋,Cd^2＋and Pb^2＋dissolving in seawater were at low concentrations,Pb^2＋inhibited the growth of germlings most,followed by Cd^2＋. On the contrary,when Hg^2＋,Cd^2＋and Pb^2＋dissolving in seawater were at high concentrations,Hg^2＋inhibited the growth of germlings most,followed by Cd^2＋. Moreover,when three metal ions worked together in seawater,Hg^2＋and Cd^2＋demonstrated synergistic effects whereas these two ions demonstrated antagonistic effect on Pb^2＋. The study suggests that the contents of Hg^2＋,Cd^2＋and Pb^2＋should be controlled under 0. 04 μmol·L^- 1to avoid their combined toxicity especially in the process of artificial seeding of S. zhangii Tseng et Lu.

关 键 词：张氏马尾藻 幼孢子体 HG^2+ CD^2+ PB^2+ 生物毒性 

分 类 号：S917.3[农业科学—水产科学]