重型柴油机起动工况的颗粒数量排放特性  

Particle Number Emissions from a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine During Start-Up Operating Conditions

作　　者：谭丕强[1] 邹乐华[1] 胡志远[1] 楼狄明[1] 杨蓉[1] Tan Piqiang Zou Lehua Hu Zhiyuan Lou Diming Yang Rong(School of Automobile, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海201804

出　　处：《内燃机学报》2016年第5期431-437,共7页Transactions of Csice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50906062);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAG04B01)

摘　　要：以一台采用电控高压共轨的重型柴油机为样机,分别研究柴油机在冷机起动工况（冷却水温度为24,℃）和热机起动工况（冷却水温度为80,℃）的颗粒排放特性.结果表明：冷机起动工况下,颗粒数量的粒径分布呈单峰形态,核态颗粒的数量峰值粒径在20~30,nm之间;热机起动工况下,颗粒数量的粒径分布呈双峰形态,核态颗粒和聚集态颗粒的数量峰值粒径分别在15,nm和130,nm附近.颗粒的粒径小于100,nm时,冷机起动的颗粒数量要远大于热机起动.不论是冷机起动还是热机起动工况,瞬时颗粒数量均先上升、后下降并最后趋于相对稳定.前期起动阶段的瞬时颗粒数量均高于怠速稳定阶段;冷机起动工况下,瞬时核态颗粒和聚集态颗粒的数量大都明显高于热机起动工况.前期起动阶段、怠速稳定阶段和整个起动工况的累计核态颗粒数量,在总颗粒数量中都占有绝对支配地位.An electronic control, common rail heavy-duty diesel engine was used to study the particle number emis- sions during cold start （the coolant temperature is 24 ~C）and warm start （the coolant temperature is 80 ~C）operating conditions. Size distributions of particle number show an unimodal distribution, with the peak value of nucleation mode particle number between 20 nm - 30 nm diameters during cold start. During warm start, the size distributions of particle number shows a bimodal distribution, with peak value of nucleation mode particle number around 15 nm di- ameter and accumulation mode particle number around 130 nm diameter respectively. Particle numbers with particles less than 100 nm during cold start are distinctly higher than that of warm start. For both cold start and warm start, real-time particle numbers show increasing firstly and then decreasing and finally reach specific value. The real-time particle numbers during the early start stage is higher than that during the idle stage. The real-time nucleation mode and accumulation mode particle numbers during cold start are obviously higher than that during warm start. The summed nucleation mode particle number dominates the total particle number during the early start stage, the idle stage and whole start operating condition.

关 键 词：柴油机 排放 冷机起动 热机起动 颗粒数量 核态颗粒 聚集态颗粒 

分 类 号：TK421.5[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]