妊娠14～20周孕妇孕期增重和营养摄入状况的调查与分析  

Analysis of gestational weight gain and nutrients intake of 1 4 to 20 weeks pregnant women

作　　者：徐杨[1] 林兵[2] 魏红丽[1] 陈静[3] 刘珊珊[1] 竺晓婷 

机构地区：[1]中日友好医院妇产科,北京100029 [2]中日友好医院营养科,北京100029 [3]中日友好医院ICU,北京100029

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2016年第14期2006-2009,共4页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：中日友好医院院级护理课题（2014-2-HL-10）

摘　　要：目的：调查并分析妊娠14～20周孕妇孕期增重与营养摄入的现况，为孕期体质量管理提供依据。方法选取2015年6—12月产科门诊妊娠14～20周孕妇277人为调查对象，记录其孕周、身高、孕前体质量、现体质量，计算孕前体质量指数（BMI）、当前孕周增重。根据孕前 BMI 将患者分为低体质量组、正常组、超重组和肥胖组，分析各组孕期增重水平和达标率。就诊当天采用24 h 膳食回顾法详细记录就诊前1 d 的膳食情况，应用 NCCW 2009营养统计软件统计能量和蛋白质的摄入量，并与中国营养学会的推荐量相比较以评估膳食摄入水平。结果各体质量组孕妇的孕期增重总达标率为50．2％，达标率较低的是超重组和孕14周、16周时期孕妇。孕妇的能量和蛋白质摄入在孕14周时存在不足，此后逐渐增加，在孕20周时的能量摄入高于推荐值。孕前体质量较小者蛋白质摄入达标，孕前超重和肥胖孕妇蛋白质摄入仍存在不足。结论妊娠14～20周孕妇孕期增重的达标率较低，膳食摄入存在不足，且在不同孕周的差异较大，尽早进行个体化的营养干预是必要的。Objective To investigate the gestational weight gain and nutrients intake of pregnant women from 1 4 to 20 weeks of gestation and provide evidence for antenatal care.Methods A total of 277 pregnant women with 1 4 to 20 weeks gestation were randomly selected from June 201 5 to December 201 5 in obstetrics clinic.We recorded the gestational week,height,maternal weight and body mass index （BMI ） before pregnancy,gestational weight gain （GWG）and maternal weight in second trimester pregnancy.According to BMI,the pregnant women were divided into low BMI,normal,overweight and obese groups,and we analyzed the GWG level and standard reached rate.The dietary intake in the previous day was investigated by using 24 h dietary recall method.The intakes of energy and protein were analyzed by NCCW 2009 software,and nutrients intake was evaluated according to Chinese Nutrition Society recommendation.Results The total control rate of GWG in 1 4 to 20 weeks pregnant women was 50.2%,while lower standard reached rate was found in overweight group and pregnant women at 1 4th and 1 6th weeks gestation.The intakes of energy and protein were lower than recommendation at 1 4th week gestation,and were increasingly higher than recommendation at 20th week gestation.Protein intake reached the standard in low pre-pregnancy maternal weight,but not in overweight and obese groups.Conclusions The control rate of GWG and dietary intake in pregnant women from 1 4 to 20 weeks gestation are inadequate.Big differences exist in different gestational weeks.It is necessary to provide individual nutrition intervention as early as possible.

关 键 词：孕妇 孕期增重 膳食调查 

分 类 号：R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]