不同生长型桃树光合效能及其季节变化特征初探  

Photosynthetic Efficiency and Its Seasonal Changes of Peach Trees with Different Growth Types

作　　者：习玉森 姜卫兵[1] 文杨[1] 韩键[1] 张斌斌 马瑞娟 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095 [2]江苏省农科院园艺研究所/江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,南京210014

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2016年第9期1836-1845,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-31)

摘　　要：于2015年用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统,测定了不同季节4个生长型不同枝类桃树的净光合速率和生理生态因子的日变化特性,探讨它们在春、夏、秋的光合作用特点以及不同生长型之间的光合能力差异。结果表明:(1)供试的4种生长型桃树,年光合能力整体表现为矮化型最强,普通型次之,垂枝型最弱;不同季节中,矮化型、垂枝型和帚型桃的光合能力表现为春季>夏季>秋季,而普通型为春季>秋季>夏季;同一生长型中,长枝的光合能力普遍大于中枝和短枝。(2)4种生长型桃树,年水分利用效率为普通型最高,帚型最低;4种生长型桃树水分利用效率日变化曲线春季呈现"W"型,夏季为"U"型,秋季为折线型,并以春季的WUE值最高,而夏季和秋季差异不大。(3)各个生长型桃树春季和秋季的净光合速率日变化为单峰型,夏季的光合日变化曲线为双峰型,出现了光合"午休"现象,并受到有气孔限制和非气孔限制两种因素影响。(4)整个生长季内,影响观赏桃光合日变化的主要生理生态因子为光合有效辐射强度(PAR)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)。不同生长型之间以及同一生长型桃树在不同季节的光合效能存在一定的差异,受到基因型和外界环境的综合影响。Diurnal variations of photosynthesis and physiological and ecological factors of peach trees with different growth types were studied by LI-6400 portable photosynthetic system in different seasons. The photosynthesis characteristics of them in three seasons and the photosynthetic differences between different growth types were studied in 2015. The results showed that： （1） Among the photosynthetic ability of different growth types, the dwarf type was the highest, followed by the common type, weeping type was the lowest; The photosynthetic ability of dwarf type, weeping type and broom peach showed the following variation： spring 〉 summer 〉 autumn, and the normal type for： spring 〉 autumn 〉 summer; in the same growth type, the photosynthetic ability of long branches is generally higher than middle branches and short branches. （2） Among different growth types, the WUE of common type was the highest, and that of broom type was the lowest; the diurnal variation of water use efficiency （WUE） was a W type curve in spring and a U type curve in summer, while the curve in autumn is a broken line. The WUE in spring was the highest, and the difference between summer and autumn was little. （3） The diurnal change ot Pn showed a unimodal curve in spring and autumn, but it showed a bimodal curve in summer and has a ＂midday depression＂ at noon, which caused by stomatal limitation and nostomatal factors. （4） Throughout the growing seasons, the photosynthetic active radiation （PAR）, stomatal conductance （Gd） and transpiration rate （Tr） were very important to the diurnal change of Pn among the physiological and ecological factors. There were some differences in photosynthetic efficiency of different growth types and that of same growth types in different seasons, which were influenced by the genotype and environmental factors.

关 键 词：观赏桃 生长型 光合生理 日变化 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]