卒中的患病率和危险因素：来自深圳某社区的研究结果  

Prevalence and risk factors of stroke： fmdings from a community in Shenzhen, China

作　　者：周艳霞[1] 韩漫夫[1] 任力杰[1] 池枫[1] 唐香[1] 龙霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市第二人民医院神经内科,518035

出　　处：《国际脑血管病杂志》2016年第8期716-721,共6页International Journal of Cerebrovascular Diseases

基　　金：广东省科技厅课题（20138021800107）;深圳市科技局课题（JSYY20120831101551583）

摘　　要：目的探讨深圳某社区40岁以上人群卒中患病率和危险因素的暴露水平。方法在本横断面调查研究中，以年龄≥40岁的社区人群作为研究对象，采取整群抽样方法，对研究对象采用统一问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查，然后将调查数据进行网上录入分析。结果总共筛查5 308名居民，其中卒中患者160例，卒中粗患病率为3 014.32/10万。卒中患病率随着年龄的增大而增高，而且男性显著高于女性（3 721.37/10万对2 552.93/10万；χ2＝5.923，P＝0.015）。卒中与非卒中人群的年龄、收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖水平以及男性、明显超重、高血压、糖尿病、心房颤动、缺乏体力活动、卒中家族史的构成比均存在显著差异（P均〈0.05）。多变量logistic回归分析显示，高血压[优势比（odds ratio, OR）1.737，95%可信区间（confidence interval, CI）1.161～2.600；P＝0.007]、糖尿病（OR 1.917，95% CI 1.209～3.040；P＝0.006）、心房颤动（OR 1.699，95% CI 1.113～2.592；P＝0.014）、卒中家族史（OR 1.585，95% CI 1.126～2.231；P＝0.008）、年龄（OR 4.645，95% CI 1.868～11.551；P＝0.001）和缺乏体力活动（OR 4.921，95% CI 3.552～6.187；P〈0.001）为卒中的独立危险因素。各年龄段男性吸烟的比例均显著高于女性（P均〈0.05）。随着年龄的增大，男性和女性高血压（P〈0.001）和高脂血症（P〈0.001）的比例均逐渐增高，而体育锻炼的比例则逐渐降低（P＝0.001；〉80岁年龄段除外）；男性糖尿病（P〈0.001）和心房颤动（P〈0.001）的比例和女性明显超重（P＝0.001）的比例逐渐增高，而男性吸烟（P〈0.001）的比例逐渐降低。在40～49岁年龄段，男性高血压（P〈0.001）和明显超重（P〈0.001）的比例显著高于女性；在50～59岁年龄段，男性高血压（P〈0.001）、糖尿病（P〈0.001）和明显超重（P�Objective To exp lore the prevalence and risk factors of stroke in a population over 40 years in a community in Shenzhen, China. Methods The subjects investigated were a population ≥ 40 years old in this cross-sectional study. Cluster sampling method was used to conduct the unified questionnaires, physical examination, and laboratory examination in the community residents, and then the survey data were used for online entry analysis. Results A total of 5 308 community residents were screened, and 160 experienced stroke. The crude prevalence of stroke was 3 014. 32/100 000. The prevalence of stroke increased with age, and that in males was significantly higher than that in females（3 721.37/100 000 vs. 2 552. 93/100 000;χ2 =5. 923, P=0. 015）. There were significant differences in the proportions of males, obvious overweight, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, lack of physical activity, and family history of stroke, as well as age, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose level between the stroke population and the non-stroke population （all P 〈 0. 05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension （odds ratio EOR] 1.737, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1. 161-2.600; P=0.007）, diabetes （OR 1.917, 95% CI 1. 209-3. 040; P =0. 006）, atrial fibrillation （OR 1. 699, 95% CI 1.113-2. 592; P = 0. 014）, family history of stroke （OR 1. 585, 95% CI 1. 126-2. 231; P =0. 008）, advanced age （OR 4. 645, 95% CI 1. 868- 11. 551; P= 0. 001）, and physical inactivity （OR 4. 921, 95% CI 3. 552-6. 187; P〈 0. 001） were the independent risk factors for stroke, and lack of physical activity was an independent protective factor for stroke. The proportion of smoking in males was more than that in females in all ages（all P 〈 0. 05）. The proportions of hypertension （P 〈0. 001） and hyperlipidemia （P 〈0. 001） were gradually increased with age, and physical exercise was gradual

关 键 词：卒中 患病率 危险因素 性别因素 年龄因素 调查和问卷 横断面研究 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]