农民工城市扎堆创业成因探析:基于创业自我效能视角  

Rural Migrants' Self-employment Cluster in Urban China: From Perspective of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy

作　　者：普蓂喆[1] 郑风田[1] 傅晋华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872 [2]中国科学技术发展战略研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第6期61-76,154,共16页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目"农民工同乡同行扎堆创业扩张及锁定机制研究"(15XNH083);国家自然科学基金项目"中国进城农民工同乡同行扎堆创业现象的发生与发展机制研究"(71473256);国家自然科学基金青年项目"推进城镇化发展背景下我国新生代农民工创业的理论与实证研究:基于创业机会识别视角"(71103169)

摘　　要：农民工城市创业活动中有相当一部分表现出乡群聚集、扎堆创业的特征,以往研究多从社会网络角度加以解释,对农民工个体主观能动性考虑不足。文章从创业自我效能角度入手,以湖南新化文印现象为例分析农民工创新管理、资源获取、机会识别和风险管理自我效能对其城市创业意向的影响,然后讨论创业自我效能促进扎堆创业形成的机制。结果表明,资源获取和风险管理自我效能越强,农民工城市创业意向越高,创新管理和机会识别的作用不显著。较高的风险管理自我效能能够克服创业潜在风险,较强的资源获取效能有助于获取社会网络中的有效资源,促进创业行为产生。较低的创新管理效能使农民工多进入壁垒较低的创业项目,依靠模仿迅速起家,进一步强化城市创业的网络同质性和行业同质性,促进扎堆现象形成。由于缺乏创新和机会识别能力,农民工难以跳出创业路径依赖和固有经营模式,扎堆创业逐步落入低水平"陷阱"。Most rural migrants' self-employment activities in urban China are featured by clustering. Most previous researches gave explanations from the perspective of social networks and seldom took individual initiatives into account. Based on the printing and copying industry in Xinhua,Hunan P rovince,this paper analyzed the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy of rural migrants,which was measured by innovation management,resources acquisition,opportunity identification and risk management,on self-employment intentions,and then discussed the role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in the formation of self-employment cluster phenomenon. Empirical results showed that the ability of resource acquisition and risk management had positive relationships with self-employment intentions. However,innovation management and opportunity identification were not significant. On the one hand,the strong risk management ability helped overcome potential risks and the strong ability to obtain effective resources from social networks promoted rural migrants' self-employment behaviors. On the other hand,poor innovation management capability limited rural migrants to low-entry-barriers self-employment projects. They ran small business by copying or imitation,which strengthened social network homogeneity and industry homogeneity. Those were responsible for the formation of self-employment cluster phenomenon. Due to lack of innovation and ability to identify new opportunities,rural migrants were difficult to venture out of path dependence and inherent business models. As a result,self-employment cluster gradually fell into the low-level locking ‘trap'.

关 键 词：农民工 自我效能 创业意向 扎堆创业 低水平陷阱 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]