半干旱区氮肥施用时期及比例对马铃薯产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Time and Ratio on Yield of Potato in Semiarid Area

作　　者：王娟 谭伟军 何小谦 韩儆仁 黄凯 何万冲 刘全亮 

机构地区：[1]定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃定西743000 [2]甘肃定西百泉马铃薯有限公司,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2016年第5期289-295,共7页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院院地科技合作项目(2014GAAS08);甘肃省科技重大专项(1502NKDA003);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-10)

摘　　要：为探明半干旱区氮肥的施用时期及比例对马铃薯生长的影响,以马铃薯品种‘陇薯10号’为试验材料,采用单垄垄上微沟播种植方式,研究了全部基施(S1)、播前和块茎膨大期按64施入(S2)2种施氮方式在270(N_1),180(N_2),90(N_3)和0(N_4)kg/hm^24个施氮量下对马铃薯生育期、生长指标、产量及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,施氮方式和施氮量对马铃薯的生育期无明显影响。氮肥全部基施的处理出苗率、分枝数均高于氮肥分期施入的处理,但对主茎数无显著影响,S2N1(播前和块茎膨大期按64施入;施氮量270 kg/hm^2)和S2N3(播前和块茎膨大期按64施入;施氮量90 kg/hm^2)处理在株高上显著优于其他处理。氮肥分期施入的处理平均产量为40 271 kg/hm^2,较氮肥全部基施的处理平均增产6.3%,各处理中S2N1处理产量最高。氮肥全部基施的处理平均水分利用效率为25.1 kg/hm^2·mm,较氮肥分期施入处理高8.2%。In order to understand the impact of nitrogen application time and ratio on yield of potato in semiarid area,an experiment was conducted to study the effects on growth period, growth index, water use efficiency（WUE） and yield of nitrogen fertilizer applied at various rates of 270（N1）, 180（N2）, 90（N3） and 0（N4） kg/ha, which was used as base fertilizer（S1） or as split fertilizer at a ratio of 6 ： 4 before planting and at tuber bulking stage（S2）. The variety ’Longshu10’ was used as plant material, which was grown under a model of mini-ditch planting with plastic mulching in ridges.The method of nitrogen fertilizer application and the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer applied had no significant effect on growth period. Basal nitrogen treatments were higher than split treatments in the rate of seedling emergence and branching number, but had no significant effect on the number of main stems. The treatments of S2N1（split, 270 kg/ha）and S2N3（split, 90 kg/ha） were better than other treatments in plant height. The average yield of split nitrogen treatments was 40 271 kg/ha, increasing by 6.3% compared with basal nitrogen treatments. The treatment S2N1（split,270 kg/ha） produced the highest yield. The average WUE in basal nitrogen treatments was 25.1 kg/ha·mm, increasing by 8.2% compared with split nitrogen treatments.

关 键 词：氮肥 施用时期 比例 马铃薯 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]