生态位构建作用对捕食-竞争系统的影响  

The effects of niche construction on prey-competition system

作　　者：莫昌健 韩晓卓[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学,应用数学学院,广州510512 [2]广东松山职业技术学院,基础部,韶关512000

出　　处：《生态科学》2016年第5期73-81,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(31100308)

摘　　要：生态位构建是指有机体所具有的改变其生存环境以促进自身生存与发展的能力。文章通过数值模拟竞争环境下具有捕食关系的各物种间的相互作用,探讨了生态位构建作用对于捕食-竞争系统中物种数量变化及其空间分布模式的影响。研究结果表明:物种的生态位构建行为不会破坏生态环境的稳定性,但能有效提高构建物种的竞争力,维持其在不利环境中与竞争物种共处的平衡状态;同时,生态位构建行为加强了构建物种的空间扩散能力,促使构建物种迅速迁移至有利于自身生存的空间生境中,成为捕食-竞争系统中的稳定生存物种;而由于可供分配的资源有限,有机体的构建行为与扩张行为之间存在的trade-off关系使其空间分布区域维持在一定的平衡状态,不会出现无限制的空间扩散。Niche construction is the process whereby an organism improves its environment to enhance its growth and persistence. Based on a prey-competition system with two competitive consumers and one predator, we included direct and indirect ways of niche construction by consumers and also the factor of spatial diffusion. Through numerical simulation, the effect of niche construction on temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of different species in the system were explored. Our results indicated that the niche construction did not destroy the stability of the prey-competition system. Niche- constructing species, however, can enhance its own competitive strength and also maintain the system balance in adverse environments. In addition, the niche construction has the potential to improve a diffusivity of the niche-constructing species, which promotes them to immigrate for more suitable habitats and become the stable species in the system. Because of the limit resource, the trade-off relationship between the niche construction and the diffusion of species imposed restrictions on the distribution range, inhabiting species unlimited expansion.

关 键 词：生态位构建 反应扩散方程 妥协 平衡状态 

分 类 号：Q141[生物学—生态学]