几种有机物料对设施菜田土壤Cd、Pb生物有效性的影响  

Effects of Different Organic Materials on Bio-availability of Cd, Pb in a Contaminated Greenhouse Soil

作　　者：周贵宇[1] 姜慧敏[2] 杨俊诚[2] 张建峰[2] 张水勤[2] 梁雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学环境学院,沈阳110036 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,耕地培育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第10期4011-4019,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2013CB127406);国家自然科学基金项目(21577172,41501322);国家国际科技合作专项(2015DFA20790);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IARRP-2015-21)

摘　　要：利用风化煤、草炭和生物炭这3种有机物料,采集陕西关中地区设施菜田土壤,通过2014-2015年两季盆栽模拟试验,研究了3种有机物料在设施菜田土壤重金属Cd、Pb单一和复合污染条件下对Cd、Pb生物有效态等赋存形态的影响,探究风化煤、草炭和生物炭对设施菜田重金属Cd、Pb污染土壤修复的可行性.结果表明,风化煤显著降低了复合污染土壤中Cd有效态含量,达11.9%（P〈0.05）,并使Pb有效态含量显著降低达83.5%以上（P〈0.05）;对Cd、Pb的交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态之和分别降低了26.4%-34.4%和12.0%-34.5%.草炭显著降低了复合污染土壤中Cd有效态含量18.9%（P〈0.05）,分别显著降低了Pb单一和Cd、Pb复合污染土壤中Pb有效态含量2.7%和7.2%（P〈0.05）,对Pb交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态三者之和分别降低了15.8%和14.6%.生物炭提高了土壤pH 0.03-0.08个单位,分别降低了Cd有效态、Pb有效态含量4.7%-15.0%和1.0%-6.8%,Pb交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态之和降低了11.9%-66.6%.风化煤、草炭和生物炭使番茄地上部对Cd的累积量显著降低15.0%-38.0%（P〈0.05）,使复合污染条件下番茄地上部对Pb的累积量显著降低17.9%-30.0%（P〈0.05）.番茄Cd含量与土壤中Cd交换态含量呈现极显著正相关关系（P〈0.01）.番茄Pb含量与Pb交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态三者含量之和呈现极显著正相关关系（P〈0.01）.综合来看,风化煤、草炭和生物炭这3种有机物料可以通过改变设施菜田土壤pH值和对重金属的吸附、络合等固定作用,降低土壤中Cd、Pb高活性态比例,进而减少植物对Cd、Pb的累积.A two-season soil culture experiment was continually conducted to study the effects of three organic materials,namely Danty,Peat and Biochar,respectively,on combined forms and bio-availability of cadmium（ Cd） and lead（ Pb） under Cd and Pb in single and combined pollution during 2014-2015. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for remediating greenhouse soil contaminated with heavy metals Cd and Pb using organic materials. The main results were as follows： the content of DTPA-Cd decreased significantly by11. 9%（ P 〈0. 05） in the soil of Cd and Pb combined pollution with the application of danty,the total of exchangeable Cd,carbonatebound Cd and iron-manganese oxide bound Cd was reduced by 26. 4% and 34. 4% in the soil,and the accumulation of Cd in shoots was significantly cut down by 32. 0% and 28. 0%（ P 〈0. 05） respectively in Cd single and Cd and Pb combined pollution after applying danty; the content of DTPA-Pb was significantly depleted by 83. 5% and 83. 8%（ P 〈0. 05）,the total of exchangeable Pb,carbonate-bound Pb and iron-manganese oxide bound Pb was decreased by 34. 5% and 13. 9% in the soil and the accumulation of Pb in shoots was significantly reduced by 32. 0% and 30. 0%（ P 〈0. 05） in Pb single and Cd and Pb combined pollution respectively as the use of danty. The content of DTPA-Cd was significantly decreased by 18. 9%（ P 〈0. 05） in the soil of Cd and Pb combined pollution with the use of peat,the accumulation of Cd in shoots was reduced by 38. 0% and 23. 4%（ P 〈0. 05） in Cd single and CdPb combined pollution respectively after the application of peat; The content of DTPA-Pb was significantly decreased by 2. 7% and7. 2%（ P 〈0. 05）,the total of exchangeable Pb,carbonate-bound Pb and iron-manganese oxide bound Pb was decreased by 15. 8%and 14. 6% in the soil and the accumulation of Pb in shoots was significantly reduced by 12. 7% and 23. 4%（ P 〈0. 05） respectivelyin Pb single and Cd and Pb combined pollution due to the application of peat

关 键 词：生物炭 草炭 风化煤 重金属Cd、Pb污染 设施土壤 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]