句末助词“嘛”的认知与情感的关联性研究  

On the Relevance Between Cognition and Emotion of the Sentence-final Particle “MA”

作　　者：赵春利[1] 杨才英[2] ZHAO Chunli YANG Caiying(l. College of Liberal Arts, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院,广东广州510632 [2]暨南大学外国语学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《外国语》2016年第5期32-45,共14页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(暨南远航计划15JNYH002);2013年度国家社科基金一般项目"基于语义地图的句末助词多功能研究"(13BYY117);2012年度国家社科基金一般项目"汉语虚词词典编撰的方法论创新及其实践"(12BYY101);2016年度国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201610559079)

摘　　要：本文以语义语法为理论基础,运用双向选择和语义地图的研究方法,对句末助词"嘛"的认知、情感及其关联性进行全面系统的研究。首先,把前人对"嘛"的研究分成四种观点:传统语法的显而易见说、描写语法的应知未知说、功能语法的预设坚持说和生成语法的高程度标记说,并点明前人在理论解释、方法验证和分析描写上的优点和不足;其次,全面分析并验证句末助词"嘛"的句子功能分布图及其语义类型选择图,据此提取出"嘛"的认知意义:主观认知的执意应然性;第三,根据"嘛"的认知意义与内在矛盾,逐一分析"嘛"的四种情感类型:气愤不满意型、急躁不耐烦型、撒娇不遵从型、无谓不在乎型,并基于因果关系和分类关系,构建句末助词"嘛"的认知与情感的语义关联图。The paper studies the relevance between cognition and emotion of the sentence-final particle ＂ma （嘛） ＂ based on semantic grammar and bi-optional methodology. First, we classified the previous studies into four groups, ＂obviousness＂ of the traditional grammar, ＂should know but don＇t know＂ of the descriptive grammar, ＂presupposi- tion and insistence＂ of the functional grammar, and ＂high-degree marker＂ of the generative grammar and point out their pros and cons in description, verification and explanation. Second, we analyze the functional distribution of the sentence-final particle ＂ma＂ in the sentence and its semantic option and find out that its basic meaning is subjectively cognitive insistence and supposability. Finally, we classify four emotional types of ＂ma＂ ： dissatisfaction with anger, impatience with irritation, disobedience with fondness, and carelessness with casualness.

关 键 词：应然性 理所当然 情所当然 撒娇 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]