某电子制造服务企业外来务工人员职业应激状况及早期健康效应  

Occupational stress and early health effects in migrant workers in an electronics manufacturing service enterprise

作　　者：刘晓曼[1] 李霜[1] 张巧耘[2] 王超[1] 纪玉青 王瑾[1] 施健[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2] 江苏省疾病预防控制中心 [3] 昆山市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2016年第10期726-730,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所青年科技基金项目（JC201601）

摘　　要：目的 了解某电子制造服务企业外来务工人员职业应激状况,探讨职业应激与职业倦怠、抑郁倾向、失眠等早期健康效应的关系.方法 于2015年8月,采用整群分层随机抽样方法,以某电子制造企业1 097名外来务工人员为研究对象,采用《工作要求-自主问卷》和《付出-回报失衡问卷》分别调查其高工作负荷型与付出-回报失衡型职业应激状况,采用《职业倦怠自评量表》《抑郁量表》《自我管理睡眠问卷》对其职业应激早期健康效应进行调查.结果外来务工人员中高工作负荷型和付出-回报失衡型职业应激检出率分别为69.8％（766/1 097）和11.9％（131/1 097）;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,对于发生职业倦怠和抑郁倾向的风险,高工作负荷型和付出-回报失衡型职业应激者均高于非高工作负荷型和非付出-回报失衡型职业应激者（P＜0.01）;对于发生失眠症状的风险,付出-回报失衡型职业应激者高于非付出-回报失衡型职业应激者（P＜0.01）.结论 职业应激是造成该电子制造服务企业外来务工人员产生职业倦怠、抑郁倾向、失眠等早期健康效应的主要影响因素,且付出-回报失衡型职业应激产生职业倦怠和抑郁倾向的风险高于工作负荷型职业应激.Objective To investigate occupational stress in migrant workers in an electronics manufacturing service enterprise and the association between occupational stress and early health effects,such as job burnout,depressive tendency,and insomnia.Methods In August 2015,stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 1 097 migrant workers in an electronics manufacturing service enterprise.The Job DemandAutonomy Questionnaire and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire were used to investigate occupational stress with the types of high workload and effort-reward imbalance,and Burnout Inventory,depression scale,and selfmanagement sleep questionnaire were used to investigate the early health effects of occupational stress.Results In these migrant workers,the detection rates of occupational stress with the types of high workload and effortreward imbalance were 69.8% （766/1 097） and 11.9%（131/1 097）.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the workers who had occupational stress with the types of high workload and effort-reward imbalance had significantly higher risks of job burnout and depressive tendencies than those who did not have these two types of occupational stress （P〈0.01）.The workers who had occupational stress with the type of effort-reward imbalance had a significantly higher ability to predict the risks of job burnout and depressive tendencies than those who had occupational stress with the type of high workload（P〈0.01）,as well as a significantly higher risk of insomnia than those who did not have this type of occupational stress （P〈0.01）.Conclusion Occupational stress is the major influencing factor for early health effects,such as job burnout,depressive tendency,and insomnia,in the migrant workers in this electronics manufacturing service enterprise.The workers who have occupational stress with the type of effort-reward imbalance have higher risks of job burnout and depressive tendencies than those who have occupational stress with the type of high workload.

关 键 词：电子制造服务企业 外来务工人员 职业应激 健康效应 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]