秸秆快腐菌(Streptomyces rochei)对还田麦秸化感物质的响应  

Responding of a bacterium(Streptomyces rochei) quickly decomposing straw to allelochemicals in wheat straw returned to field

作　　者：王佳佳[1,2] 奚永兰[1] 常志州[1] 于建光[1] 徐跃定[1] 张建英[1] WANG Jia-jia XI Yong-lan CHANG Zhi-zhou YU Jian-guang XU Yue-ding ZHANG Jian-ying(Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]南京师范大学生命科学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2016年第5期1081-1087,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业自主创新基金项目[CX(12)1102];江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2013420)

摘　　要：为了明确秸秆快腐菌对还田秸秆化感物质的响应,提高秸秆快腐菌剂田间应用效果,以娄彻氏链霉菌(Streptomyces rochei)为快腐菌,以4种酚酸混合物为化感物质,室内模拟研究了还田麦秸腐解过程中总酚酸消长情况,进一步考察了不同浓度酚酸对Streptomyces rochei生长及纤维素酶活性的影响。结果表明:模拟麦秸还田腐解7d时,对照组(不经娄彻氏链霉菌处理)和处理组(经娄彻氏链霉菌处理)总酚酸积累达到最大值,分别为9.3μg/ml、7.0μg/ml,处理组的总酚酸积累量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),此时快腐菌数量和发芽指数(Germination index,GI)为最小值;当酚酸浓度为100 mg/L时,Streptomyces rochei的生长量和菌落直径达到最大值,低浓度酚酸能促进快腐菌生长繁殖;总酚酸浓度大于200 mg/L时,随浓度升高,酚酸对快腐菌抑制作用越明显;同样,快腐菌纤维素酶活性受酚酸影响,处理前期有一定的促进作用,后期作用不明显,此规律与对其生物数量的影响(低浓度促进生长高浓度抑制生长)不同;娄彻氏链霉菌对酚酸有一定的代谢能力,其降解能力高低受酚酸浓度与酚酸种类影响。快腐菌在对还田秸秆降解的同时,会受到其化感物质影响,因此,在筛选与使用秸秆快腐菌时,应充分考虑还田秸秆可能产生的化感效应。An indoor simulation experiment was carried out using Streptomyces rochei as a variety of quickly-decom-psing bacterium for wheat straw returned to field and the mixture of four kinds of phenolic acids as allelochemicals to deter-mine the response of the bacterium to allelochemicals during straw decomposition. Wheat straw without S. rochei application was taken as control. The changes of total phenolic acids contents were investigated and the influences of phenolic acids concentrations on the growth and cellulose activity of S. rochei were evaluated. After seven days of decomposition, the total phenolic acid content in both S. rochei-treated wheat straw and control straw peaked, with the higher content （ P〈0-05） in con-trol straw（ 9-3 μg/ml） and lower in S. rochei-treated straw（ 7-0μg/ml） , and the bacterial count and germination index of wheat straw bottomed. The mass growth and colony diameter of S. rochei reached the highest value at low application concentration（ 100 mg/L） of phenolic acid. The inhibition of S. rochei by phenolic acid showed a concentration-dependent manner when phenolic acid concentration was more than 200 mg/L. The cellulase activity of S. rochei was improved by phenolic acid at early stage of treatment. The decomposing capacity of S. rochei was phenolic acid concentration- and variety-dependent. In conclusion, S. rochei was sensitive to the allelochemicals during straw decomposing, so the alleopathy should be taken into consideration in selecting and applying wheat straw decomposing bacterium.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 快腐菌 化感效应 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]