低温贮藏对加州新小绥螨生物学特性和捕食能力的影响  

Effects of cold storage on biological traits and predation of predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor)

作　　者：税玲 蒲颇 李庆[1] 马孝龙[1] 李颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,成都611130 [2]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆市昆虫学及害虫控制工程重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2016年第5期759-767,共9页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系四川创新团队

摘　　要：为探究加州新小绥螨国内种群的最佳贮藏方法,在4、7、10℃下,以叶片＋叶螨和花粉2种冷藏基质及不同冷藏时间为参试因子,研究了低温贮藏对其雌成螨存活、产卵和捕食的影响,并测试了其卵冷藏后的存活及发育情况。结果显示,温度、基质和时间3个因子均显著影响冷藏处理后加州新小绥螨雌成螨的存活率、产卵量和捕食率。在4、7、10℃下,以花粉为基质冷藏超过10 d后雌成螨存活率均低于50%,不适宜长期贮藏;以叶片＋叶螨为基质冷藏分别超过20、25、30 d后雌成螨存活率显著降低,超过30 d后产卵前期较对照的1.05 d显著延长,分别达到3.07、3.14、2.29 d。在2种基质中,所有冷藏处理的单雌1周日均产卵量为1.55~2.96粒,均低于对照的2.97粒,且随冷藏时间的增加呈下降趋势;冷藏后雌成螨产卵期捕食率为每12 h 11.60~15.84头,均高于对照的11.60头。冷藏温度和时间显著影响卵的孵化率和发育历期,短期冷藏后孵化的雌螨比例与对照差异不显著。表明加州新小绥螨雌成螨适宜以叶片＋叶螨为冷藏基质,短期冷藏的最适温度为4~7℃,长期冷藏最适温度为10℃;卵以4℃冷藏7 d最佳,在10℃下冷藏不宜超过2周。In order to determine the best storage conditions for Chinese Neoseiulus californicus（ Mc Gregor） population,the effects of cold storage on survival,oviposition,predation of unmated adult females were investigated through applying different storage temperatures（ 4,7,10℃）,storage matrixes（ leaf ＋ spider mite,pollen） and storage periods as experimental factors and the survival and developmental status of eggs after cold storage were observed. The three factors significantly influenced the survival rate,fecundity and predation rate of adult females. The survival rates of adult females were lower than 50% when stored for more than 10 d in pollen at the three temperatures,indicating that longterm cold storage was not suitable for adult females. The survival rates significantly decreased when stored in the matrix of leaf ＋ spider mite under 4,7,10℃ after over 20,25,30 d,respectively. With leaf ＋spider mite as the matrix,the pre-oviposition period was 3. 07,3. 14,2. 29 d under 4,7,10℃,respectively,and it was prolonged compared to the control（ 1. 05 d） when stored for more than 30 d.The daily fecundity of adult females within one week was 1. 55- 2. 96 eggs / female,less than the control（ 2. 97 eggs/female） and declined with increasing storage period,while the predation rate during oviposition period was 11. 60- 15. 84 individuals,all higher than the control（ 11. 60 individuals） in two matrixes. Storage temperature and storage period significantly affected the hatching rate and developmental time of eggs,and the female proportion had no significant difference from the control after storage. In conclusion,adult females are considered to be suitable for short-term storage at 4- 7℃ and long-term storage at 10℃ in the matrix of leaf ＋ spider mite. Eggs should be stored at 4℃ within 7 d or at 10℃ within no more than two weeks.

关 键 词：加州新小绥螨 低温贮藏 存活率 产卵量 捕食率 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]