超越性灵魂经验:施特劳斯所理解的苏格拉底-柏拉图哲学  

Transcendent Experiences in the Soul:Socratic-Platonic Philosophy as Leo Strauss Understands

作　　者：刘洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学哲学社会学院,副教授甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《学术月刊》2016年第11期49-56,共8页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目"施特劳斯政治哲学中的自然正当及其超验根基研究"(14XZX016)的阶段性成果;兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(15LZUJBWZY077)资助

摘　　要：施特劳斯所理解的苏格拉底-柏拉图哲学是关注超越性灵魂经验的"灵魂学"。根据施特劳斯,苏格拉底从关注自然事物转向关注属人事物或政治事物的最根本原因是,政治事物牵涉人们灵魂中的诸种道德判断,诸种关于善恶、美丑、高贵卑贱、正义不义的经验;人们最初是在政治生活中经验到这些重要的灵魂性事物,而灵魂是宇宙或整全的核心。正当或正义的理念就是与正义相关的无比清晰强烈、深邃完美、荣耀光辉的灵魂经验,这是稀罕的"高峰"经验。而较日常的良知与爱欲则是正义的理念、善的理念的痕迹和影象。正是这些灵魂经验构成了古典自然正当学说的根基。苏格拉底-柏拉图哲学被神圣的爱欲与敬畏所驱动、激励,是最高意义上的诗。Socratic-Platonic philosophy as Strauss understands it is ＂psychology＂, which is concerned with those transcendent experiences in the soul. According to Strauss, Socrates turns from natural things to political things, because political things involve moral judgements or experiences regarding good and evil, the beautiful and the ugly, the noble and the base, and right and wrong in the soul. Initially, we experience those important things of the soul in political life, and the soul is the core of the cosmos. The idea of justice or right is the clearest, most intense, most splendid, perfect experiences regarding justice in the soul. Conscience and eros is vestige and image of the idea of justice and of the idea of the good. It is those experiences in the soul that are at the bottom of the classical natural right doctrines.

关 键 词：哲学 灵魂经验 施特劳斯 苏格拉底 柏拉图 

分 类 号：B92[哲学宗教—宗教学]