新时期文艺理论对西方现代美学的引进与移植  

The Introduction and Transplant of Modern Western Aesthetics in Chinese Literary Theory in New Period

作　　者：邹华[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院,教授北京100089

出　　处：《学术月刊》2016年第11期128-139,共12页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"新时期文艺理论建设与文艺批评研究"(12&ZD013)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：新时期文论启动之初即形成"情感隔绝生活"的偏差,由此确定了选择和解读西方现代美学的特殊角度。在误判现实主义和默认物质本体论的背景下,新时期文论对海德格尔哲学进行了片面的解读,以凌空超绝的生存本体盲目排斥认识论的"主客二分",模糊了以本体论人学重构为基础的现代美学的理论图景;在对康德美学的接受上,新时期文论隔断了贯穿其中的从认识到道德、从优美到崇高、从知性纯粹美到理性依存美的内在逻辑,以纯审美的单一维度错解了情感与形式两大范畴的关系,强行拉直了中国现代美学历史发展的复杂线索,在狭隘封闭的心理平面上营构一种空灵飘逸的境界;在借鉴西方马克思主义的过程中,新时期文论忽视了卢卡奇晚年对其早期著作的深刻反思和批判,并将生存本体变异为"物欲本体",从纯功利出发解读英国文化理论,遮蔽了威廉斯"感觉结构"理论对于整个文化研究的美学意义。新时期文论以纯审美与纯功利的两极摆动导致古典主义的全面复归。The deviation of ＂the life isolation by emotion＂ has existed at the very begin of Chinese literary theory in new period. The special angle of selection and understanding the modern Western aesthetics has been hence determined. Taking the background of the misjudgment of realism and the acquiescence of material ontology, the understanding of Heidegger＇s philosophy was misread by the new-period literature as the subject-object dichotomy of epistemology was blindly reiected by the extraordinary existential ontology, thus the theoretical scape ofmo.dern western aesthetics that has been based on the humanology rebuilding of ontology, was obscured; For the reception of Kantian aesthetics, the new-period literature theory cut off the internal logic that running through Kantian aesthetics, which is from awareness to morality, from gracefulness to sublimity and from intellectual free beauty to rational dependent beauty.The relation between feeling and form was misunderstood in single dimensionality. As a result, the clues of the development of modern Chinese aesthetics has been simplified by creating a unpredicable boundary in a sealed mental flat. In course of using Marxism for reference, the new-period literature theory ignored the introspection and critiques about his early works and had the noumenon of existence changed into the noumenon of materialistic. The new-period literature theory understands the British cultural theory from an utilitarian perspective, as a consequence, The aesthetic significance of William＇s theory of structure of feeling for cultural study was overlooked. The new-period literature theory generated the involution of classicism by swinging between pure-aesthetics and pure-utilitarian.

关 键 词：新时期文论 纯审美 纯功利 西方现代美学 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]