论汉代的辟除四科  

A Discussion on the Four Subjects of Bichu(辟除四科) in Han Dynasty

作　　者：张欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《史学集刊》2016年第6期25-32,共8页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：《汉旧仪》所载"令丞相设四科之辟",标志着辟除四科开始出现,在辟除制度演进历程中具有坐标意义。辟除四科出现于元狩六年,《通典》杜佑自注将其系于董仲舒奏议之后的做法不甚准确。察举四科及丞相在除授秀才职务时所依据之"三科",是对辟除四科标准的借鉴和发展。"令丞相设四科之辟"以法令形式,规制出掾史选用标准,是对以往辟除掾史标准的总结。辟除四科具有很强的导向性及实用性。辟除制度尤其是丞相辟除在西汉大部分时期是制度上较为完善的选官用吏制度。Allowing the prime minister to set up the four subjects of Bichu （辟除, to appoint subordinate officials） that recorded in Hanjiuyi （汉旧仪） marks the emergence of the four subjects of Bichu, which is the landmark in the evolution of Bichu system. The four subjects of Bichu appeared in the sixth year of Yuanshou （无狩）. It is inaccurate for Duyou （杜佑） to consider that Bichu appeared after Dong Zhongshu＇s （董仲舒） memorial to the emperor. The four subjects of Chaju （察举, to select officials） and the three subjects according to which the prime minister appoint scholars developed the standard of four subjects of Bichu. Allowing the prime minister to set up the four subjects of Bichu regulated the criterion to select the subordinate officials in terms of law. Bichu system, especially Bichu by the prime minister is relatively perfect official selection system during most of the period of Western Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：汉代 辟除四科 察举四科 辟除制度 察举制度 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]