五大连池药泉山大型土壤动物对旅游踩踏的响应  

Responses of soil macrofaunal communities to tourism trample in the Wudalianchi Yaoquan Mountains

作　　者：孟令军[1,2] 张利敏[1,3] 张丽梅[4] 冯仲科[5] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,哈尔滨150025 [2]黑龙江大学继续教育学院,哈尔滨150080 [3]黑龙江省普通高等学校地理环境遥感监测重点实验室,哈尔滨150025 [4]黑龙江大学历史文化旅游学院,哈尔滨150080 [5]北京林业大学精准林业北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第20期6607-6617,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101048)

摘　　要：以黑龙江省五大连池世界地质公园的药泉山为研究对象,按照距离游道的远近分为重度踩踏区,轻度踩踏区和非踩踏区3种踩踏干扰强度,分析大型土壤动物数量,群落组成,多样性对旅游踩踏干扰的响应。研究结果表明不同干扰区之间大型土壤动物类群数量差异显著(P<0.001),重度踩踏区显著低于轻度踩踏区和非踩踏区。不同干扰区大型土壤动物个体数差异明显(P<0.001),其中轻度踩踏区个体密度最大(68头/m^2),重度踩踏区个体密度最小(10头/m^2)。不同踩踏强度干扰区H'指数差异明显(P<0.05),轻度踩踏区及非踩踏区的多样性显著高于严重踩踏区。典型对应分析表明旅游踩踏主要通过改变土壤理化特性而影响大型土壤动物的组成及其多样性,重度踩踏区、轻度踩踏区和非踩踏区对大型土壤动物影响最显著的因子分别为土壤全氮含量,土壤含水率和土壤全磷含量。is widespread among various recreational activities, and this can become a significant problem as it represents a major disturbance affecting the vegetation and soil surface horizon. Soil macrofauna, mainly in the soil surface horizon, are good indicators for studying the impact of human activities. In the present study, Yaoquan Mountain of Wudalianchi World Geo-park was considered as a study example in 2012. The areas surrounding tourism trails were divided into no-trampling, mid-trampling, and high-trampling plots, which were divided based on three different interference types. The effect of human trampling distance from the tourism trail on soil macrofaunal communities at a depth of 0--10 cm were studied along an increasing of Yaoquan Mountain. A completely randomized design, including three replicates from three trampling interference sites, was used. Soil macrofauna were separated by hand, and were identified and counted. Soil bulk density, soil moisture content, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, and total phosphorus content were measured from each site. Our study evaluated the structure, composition, diversity, and distribution of soil macrofauna in three different tourism trample types, and assessed the impacts of human activity. The results were summarized as the following aspects： The total number of soil animal genera was significantly different in the three disturbance degree sites （ P 〈0.001 ） and the least number of genera occurred in high trampling sites. The individual density of soil macrofauna was significantly different from the other kinds of soil animal fauna in the three disturbance degree sites （P 〈 0.001 ）, the maximum value was in the mid-trampling plots （68 ind./m2） , and the minimum value was in the high-trampling sites （ 10 ind./m2）. The Shannon index （H′） of soil micro-fauna were seriously affected by trampling （P 〈 0.05 ）, and the high trampling sites had the lowest H′ index. A canonical correspondence analysis indicated the soil

关 键 词：土壤动物 旅游干扰 群落结构 多样性 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]