对现代短跑技术若干问题的重新审视  

Reexamination of several issues about modern sprint techniques

作　　者：姜自立[1] 李庆[1] 曹人天 

机构地区：[1]清华大学体育部,北京100084 [2]清华大学机械系,北京100084

出　　处：《体育学刊》2016年第4期6-11,共6页Journal of Physical Education

基　　金：2015年度清华大学资助科研计划(重点项目)(2015THZWZD04)

摘　　要：基于短跑生物力学的最新研究成果,并结合多年的短跑训练经验,对现代短跑技术中存在争议的若干问题进行了重新审视,得出如下结论:起跑时,"左前右后"的蹲踞方式可以提高运动员的反应速度,双脚同时蹬离起跑器能比单脚蹬离起跑器产生更大的动作冲量;在纯加速阶段,增大步长比增加步频更有利于提高跑的经济性,"摇摆型"步态比"直线型"步态更有利于提高加速度;在途中跑阶段,"非对称反弹技术"比"弹簧-质点技术"产生更大的地反力,"五分法"比"四分法"更为准确地反映出短跑运动的技术特征和优化全程速度节奏。Based on latest research achievements in sprint biomechanics, and coupled with several years of experi-ence in sprint training, the authors reexamined several controversial issues about modern sprint techniques, and drew the following conclusions： at starting, the “left foot front and right foot rear” squatting manner can improve athlete’s reaction speed, hitting the starting blocks with both feet can produce more action momentum than hitting the starting block with one foot; at the pure acceleration stage, increasing stride length is more conducive to en-hancing running economy than increasing stride frequency; “swaying” type running is more conducive to increasing acceleration than “straight line” type running; at the midway running stage, the “asymmetrical rebounding tech-nique” produces a ground rebounding force greater than that produced by the “spring-mass technique”; the “5-stage dividing method” can reflect print technical characteristics and optimize full course speed rhythm in a way more accurate than the “4-stage dividing method”.

关 键 词：训练与竞赛 现代短跑技术 反应时间 动作冲量 加速度 步宽 速度节奏 

分 类 号：G822.1[文化科学—体育训练]