亚里士多德对道德责任的思考  

Aristotle's Reflections on Moral Responsibility

作　　者：沈亚生[1] 颜冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2016年第6期123-129,190-191,共7页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：香港王宽诚教育基金会资助

摘　　要：道德责任问题是伦理道德研究中的首要问题,而亚里士多德的思想和文献又是思想史上研究伦理道德理论的最重要资源。有些学者批评说亚里士多德对道德责任的理论问题百出。在《尼可马可伦理学》和《修辞学》等原始文献中,亚里士多德虽然没有专门和系统化地论述道德责任,但是他通过道德行为之自愿与不自愿的考察,深入解决了评价和判断道德责任的前提根据是什么的问题;他还通过对构成道德行为之性格因素中主观原因与客观原因相互关系的辨析,深入解决了人为何要对自己的性格承担道德责任的问题。M oral Responsibility is the most important one in all the moral issues,and Aristotle's idea and his w orks are the most important theoretical resources concerning the study of morality. Some commentators criticized that there are serious problems in Aristotle's theory of moral responsibility. This paper aims to respond to the commentators' criticisms and to clear up Aristotle's ideas of moral responsibility by a kind of comprehensive reading and constructive interpreting of Aristotle's classical w orks,such as his w orks Neachmachian Ethics,Rehtorics,and so on. The paper demonstrates that although Aristotle failed to provide a systematic and specialized exploration on moral responsibility,his discussion of the issue of w illing and unw illing,his consideration on the issue of personal character,his analysis of the mutual relation betw een subjective elements and objective elements of character actually have provided the answ er on the question of w hat are the reasons for people to judge and to evaluate person's moral responsibility,and also the answ er of the question w hy a person ought to be responsible for his personal character.

关 键 词：亚里士多德 道德责任 道德行为 个人性格 自愿与不自愿行为 理智思考 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]