中国大地构造阶段划分和演化  

Division of tectonic stages and tectonic evolution in China

作　　者：潘桂棠[1] 陆松年[2] 肖庆辉[3] 张克信[4] 尹福光[1] 郝国杰[2] 骆满生[4] 任飞[1] 袁四化[5] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心,四川成都610081 [2]中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心,天津300010 [3]中国国土资源部信息中心,北京100037 [4]中国地质大学(武汉),湖北武汉430070 [5]防灾科技学院,河北三河065201

出　　处：《地学前缘》2016年第6期1-23,共23页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国土资源部项目"全国重要矿产预测评价:全国重要矿产成矿地质背景研究"(1212010733802)

摘　　要：按照王鸿祯先生的地质构造演化阶段论和全球构造活动论的思路,遵循将今论古的比较构造地质学研究原则,以对接带、造山系和陆块区三类一级大地构造单元构造相的时空结构分析为主线,从超大陆汇聚与裂解不可逆演化和洋陆转换论的视角,认识理解中国大地构造时空结构组成特征,将中国大地构造划分为三个演化阶段。第一阶段：太古宙—前南华纪（〉820 Ma）。太古宙陆核形成（〉2 800 Ma）,新太古代原板块构造启动,洋陆分化,华北各陆块发育古弧-盆系统（2 800～2 500 Ma）,发育广泛的TTG片麻岩;古元古代（2 500～1 800 Ma）发育集宁、南辽河-荆山等弧盆系和嵩山裂谷、滹沱裂谷及华北基底形成（1 800 Ma）;中元古代—新元古代早期（820 Ma前）华北陆区在1.8Ga克拉通化后发育燕辽裂谷、熊耳—西洋河裂谷、渣尔泰—白云鄂博陆缘裂谷;扬子陆块和塔里木陆块区中元古代发育陆缘裂谷盆地,新元古代早期其周缘一系列弧盆系形成,扬子和塔里木基底形成,并参与罗迪尼亚超大陆汇聚过程。第二阶段：南华纪—中三叠世（820～227 Ma）,可分为5个构造期：（1）南华纪—震旦纪（820～541 Ma）构造期,罗迪尼超大陆裂解发育新元古代南华纪裂谷事件的火山-沉积岩及冰碛岩,古亚洲洋、原特提斯大洋及震旦大洋扩展,发育扬子、塔里木陆缘裂谷和裂陷盆地,华南洋萎缩为残余大洋。（2）寒武纪—中奥陶世（541～458 Ma）构造期,古亚洲洋、原特提斯洋持续扩张,中国西部一系列地块从扬子和塔里木大陆裂离,相应陆块均在伸展背景下形成被动大陆边缘,秦-祁-昆多岛弧盆系形成;印度陆块北部边缘形成寒武纪裂陷-裂谷盆地,上覆初始碳酸盐岩台地沉积（O1-2）。（3）晚奥陶世—志留纪（458～419 Ma）构造期,古亚洲大洋双向俯冲,向北俯冲制约阿尔泰-兴蒙多岛弧盆系形成,向南�According to the thinking of Mr.Wang Hongzhen on the tectonic evolution stage and the active global tectonic theories,following the principles of comparative structural geology,i.e.the present is the key to the past,and taking spatial and temporal texture analysis of tectonic faices and environment as the main approach in which the suture zone,orogenic system and continental block are treated as three first rank tectonic units,and from the point of view of irreversible evolution of supercontinent convergence and rifting and ocean-continent transformation theory to recognize and understand the constituent characteristics of Chinese tectonic spatial and temporal texture,we propose that the tectonic evolution of China can be divided into three stages.The Archean-Pre-Nanhuaian（1800-820 Ma）：continental nucleus formed from the Archean（2800 Ma）;proto-plate tectonics started,ocean and continent differentiated,paleo-arc basin system developed in Neoachrean（2800-2500 Ma）,and in North China blocks,TTG gneiss distributes widely：Jining,South Liaohe-Jingshan arc basin system and Songshan and Hutuo rift developed during the Paleoproterozoic（2500-1800 Ma）,and basement of the North China platform formed～1800 Ma：Yanliao,Xionger-Xiyanghe and Zhartai-Bayan Obo epicontinental rift developed in the Mesoproterozoic-early Neoproterozoic（820 Ma ago）after cratonization of the North China platform;Mesoproterozoic epicontiental rift developed in Yangtze and Tarim blocks,a series of arc basin systems formed in the early Neoproterozoic,and moreover,Yangtze and Tarim platform basement formed,which amalgamated with Rodinia.The Nanhuaian-Middle Triassic（820-227Ma）：（1）The Nanhuaian-Sinian：Rodinia broke up and developed volcano-sedimentary rocks and tillites related to rifting event in the Nanhuaian,Paleo-Asian,Proto-Tethys and Sinian Ocean spread,epicontinental rift and rifted basin developed in Yangtze and Tarim plateform,and Huanan Ocean shrank to relict oceanic basin.（2）The Cambrian-Early Ordovician�

关 键 词：构造阶段 陆块区 造山系 超大陆 特提斯 古亚洲洋 

分 类 号：P54[天文地球—构造地质学]