网络模仿、集群结构和产学研区域协同创新研究:来自中国三大海洋装备制造业集群的经验证据  

Network Imitation, Cluster Structure and Industry-academic Regional Collaborative Innovation

作　　者：唐书林[1] 肖振红[1] 苑婧婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学经济管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2016年第4期34-44,共11页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：黑龙江省社会科学基金资助项目(12B072);黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(G201114);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(HEUCF140908)

摘　　要：现有研究通过社会网络分析来解释产学研主体的个体网络现象,但已有经验证据并不稳定甚至相互矛盾。本文试图引入空间计量模型来发现我国企业集群的社会网络结构存在空间模仿现象的证据,并利用新的网络特征——空间集聚结构修正社会网络分析结果后考察网络嵌入对产学研区域协同创新的真实影响。结果表明:(1)关系联结规模和中介中心度有助于提高区域协同创新水平,在部分集群内协同距离对协同创新的影响呈"S"型曲线,在控制空间效应后仅在波纹状集聚结构的环渤海集群存在结构洞与协同创新的负向关联;(2)三大海洋装备集群的集群结构存在明显的空间模仿效应,在连续性知识空间内更多的表现为邻近效应,在间断性知识空间则表现为异质效应,说明我国海工装备产业的产学研协同创新建设已初见成效;(3)集群内空间模仿效应强于集群间,说明海洋工程装备产业存在明显的地方保护主义;(4)整体上企业产权性质对网络结构特征没有显著影响,但具有高新技术资质和年轻企业的协同创新行为更容易受到网络结构的影响,不具有高新技术资质的企业和非年轻企业更容易产生网络模仿现象。In the 21 st century, the complexity of enterprises＇ social relation networks is widely viewed as an important engine of regional economic growth. Enterprise cluster derived from stable social geopolitical relations can not only create stable jobs and increase productivity, but also develop a collaborative innovation environment to improve regional innovation capability. Existing related research mostly focused on individual network phenomenon of industry-academic agent based on social network analysis. However, empirical evidence is not consistent and even contradictory. We found that existing researches emphasize on the individual network based on these empirical evidences, but ignore the colony behavior between regional innovative subjects. Regional collaborative innovation system is one kind of community network phenomenon which emphasizes on a collaborative network as the smallest unit of a few individuals. Network imitation is becoming a hot research topic. Imitating success cluster＇s network is the key for regional collaborative innovation. Existing research has always failed to find the measurement method which fuses the two themes of colony and network. In order to better analyze the collaborative innovation network which is more advanced than social networks, scholars and policy makers have been trying to find more accurate measurement model than social network analysis. This paper tries to introduce the spatial econometric model to find some evidence of spatial effect in the social network structure of enterprise clusters in China, and investigates the evolution of university spin-off companies＇ network embeddedness. In addition, we investigate the influence of knowledge spiUover by using a new network features named spatial structure to improve the result of social network analysis. This paper chooses 448 mono-block shipbuilding enterprises and 191 scientific research institutions and their derivative enterprises as the research objects. These samples are used from the yearbook of Chinese Intel

关 键 词：产学研 网络模仿 集聚结构 区域协同创新 

分 类 号：F273.7[经济管理—企业管理]