《黄帝内经》“应时”思想与先秦道家之渊源  

Long Term Tie Between “Proper to the Season″ Thinking in HuangDi NeiJing and Pre-Qin Taoism

作　　者：李鸿泓[1,2] 张其成[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学国学院,北京100029 [2]北京市石景山区中医医院

出　　处：《西部中医药》2016年第10期65-67,共3页Western Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)资助项目(编号2013CB532001)

摘　　要：《黄帝内经》构建了一个以"四时五藏阴阳"(《素问·经脉别论》)为核心的生命巨系统。在此框架中,"五脏应时"是藏象实质内涵的一个基本理论认识,也贯穿于《黄帝内经》诊断治疗观中。溯本求源,"应时"思想与道家渊源甚深,该词不仅首见于《庄子外篇·天运》,而且就道家核心思想"无为"而论,"无为"的结果是"无不为",其外在表现正是"与时迁移,应物变化"。其内涵包括应时而为、为而后舍、为之于未兆、为而复归,"应时"思想皆贯穿于其中。不仅如此,庄子的"一龙一蛇,与时俱化"是其重要理念;"安时而处顺,哀乐不能入也。"是其养生要旨;而礼义法度也必须"应时而变"。先秦时代的《鹖冠子》对"应时"思想的阐发也别树一帜。其对"圣人""至人""贤人"的判准皆以"应时"为据。故先秦道家对《黄帝内经》"应时"思想有着重要和深远的影响。HuangDi NeiJing built a big life system which is centered on the theory of＂fottr seasons five viscer- a Yin and Yang＂（Plain Conversation. Special Discussion on Channels and Vessels）. In this system,＇five zang organs proper to the season＇ was a basic theoretical cognition of viscera-state substantial connotation throughout the view of diagnosis and treatment in HuangDi NeiJing. Tracing the origin, ＇proper to the season＇ thinking had a long and deep relationship with Taoism. Because this word was first found in Zhuangzi. External pieces. Tianyun, and in terms of the core thinking ＂Wuwei＂of Taoism, Wuwei＇s result was ＂Wubuwei＂, and its external manifestation was that ＇migra- tion follows seasons, changes get along with things＇, and its connotation included that ＇to do things proper to the sea- son and then to abandon; to do things before they changed and then to recover＇. The thinking of ＇proper to the Sea- son＇ run through this whole process. What＇s more, Zhuangzi＇s saying ＇changes sometime like a snake, sometime like a dragon, getting along with seasons＇ was its important idea. And his another saying ＇if someone keeps peaceful and changes according to the whole things in the universe, the sad and happy emotion wouldn＇t invade the body＇ was its gist of health preserve. In addition to these, HeGuanZi in pre-Qin times explicated the ＇proper to the season＇ thinking in a new way, and in this book, all the evaluation to the saint were based on ＇proper to the season＇. So pre-Qin Taoism has a profound and important influence on ＇proper to the season＇ thinking in HuangDi NeiJing.

关 键 词：《黄帝内经》 应时 思想 先秦道家 

分 类 号：R221[医药卫生—中医基础理论]