基因概念的演化及在遗传学教学中的思考  

The Evolution of the Concept of Gene and Understanding in the Teaching of Genetics

作　　者：刘自刚[1] Liu Zi-gang(College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural Universit Gansu Research Center of Rapeseed Engineering and Technolog Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Scienc Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement,Lanzhou Gansu 73007)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃省油菜工程技术研究中心,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《河西学院学报》2016年第5期108-115,共8页Journal of Hexi University

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31460356)

摘　　要：基因是遗传学核心概念,对基因本质和概念的理解与认识是一条主线贯穿于遗传学教学始终.随着现代遗传学的快速发展,基因概念也在不断更新.本文对基因概念的发展过程进行了梳理,基因从最初孟德尔遗传因子的抽象符号,逐渐演变为基因组一段可编码多肽或RNA的DNA序列.但随着对基因本质认识的不断深入,特别是朊病毒和表观遗传信息的发现和研究,需要经典基因概念进行补充或完善.同时,指出了如何将基因概念的发展及科学思路和方法积淀、目前存在的争议及启示等应用到遗传学教学中的问题,旨在启发学生思维,激发学生学习兴趣,提高遗传教学效果.Gene is the core concept of genetics,and understanding of the essence and concept of the gene is a main line throughout the teaching of genetics.With the rapid development of modern genetics,the concept of gene is constantly updated.In this paper,the development process of gene concept is sorted out,the gene from the initial Mendel genetic factor abstract symbol,and gradually evolved into a segment of the genome can be encoding polypeptide or DNA RNA sequence.But with the deepening understanding of the nature of genes,especially the discovery and research of prion and epigenetic information,the concept of the classical gene need to be re recognized,and some controversy has been generated.In addition,it advances of how to the apply to the teaching of genetics the developing concept of the gene,accumulation of scientific ideas and methods,the current existence of the dispute and its implications.The aim is to inspire students＇ thinking,stimulate students＇ learning interest and improve the teaching effect.

关 键 词：基因 遗传学 教学 

分 类 号：Q343.1[生物学—遗传学]