红耳滑龟和中华草龟幼体体温与运动的热依赖性、补偿生长及免疫力  

Body temperature,thermal dependence of locomotor performance,compensatory growth,and the immunity of hatchling Red-eared turtles and Chinese pond turtles

作　　者：周赞[1] 蔡梦思 刘虞[1] 孙燕燕 罗来高[3] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,杭州310036 [2]东营市林业局,东营257091 [3]滁州学院生物与食品工程学院,滁州239000

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第21期7014-7022,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省重点科技创新团队项目(2010R50039);杭州西溪湿地研究中心开放研究基金资助项目(WR005);安徽省自然科学基金项目(1508085MC61)

摘　　要：研究了红耳滑龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)和中华草龟(Chinemys reevesii)幼体的体温与运动表现的热依赖性、补偿生长能力及免疫能力。结果显示:红耳滑龟能显著影响草龟的体温调节行为,具有较宽的体温调节范围和高低温耐受幅,并具有较强的运动能力和天然免疫能力,表现出较为稳定的补偿生长机制。在调温环境中,与红耳滑龟混合饲养的中华草龟平均体温较分开饲养时明显降低,且两种饲养条件下的红耳滑龟体温调节的变异系数要明显大于中华草龟。红耳滑龟的临界致死高低温分别为41.2℃和3.6℃,分别高于和低于中华草龟的临界致死高低温(37.2℃和4.5℃)。分别测量两种龟在体温为20、28、36℃下的运动表现,结果显示两种龟的疾游速和持续最大运动距离随体温的升高而增加;相同温度下红耳滑龟的运动表现优于中华草龟。两种龟饥饿后均存在补偿生长现象,饥饿5d的两种龟体重变化率不存在差异,饥饿10d的红耳滑龟体重变化率显著大于中华草龟,饥饿15d的中华草龟体重变化率显著大于红耳滑龟。3种饥饿处理下体重的变异系数中华草龟大于红耳滑龟。两种龟对植物凝集素均表现出明显的免疫反应性,红耳滑龟对植物凝集素作出的免疫反应较快,在6h就到达最大反应。上述结果综合表明,红耳滑龟作为入侵种能快速适应环境并威胁土著龟类,与其运动和生理机制上的潜在优势密切相关。Invasion by alien species has become a major problem that threatens the security of our ecological environment. It is one of the three major environmental problems in the world today. Preventing alien invasions has become a focus for both government and public sectors, and a focal topic within academic circles. Of the many of invasive species, the Red-eared turtle （ Trachemys scripta elegans） poses a particularly serious threat. As one of the 100 most dangerous invasive species in the world, Red-eared turtles have caused irreversible effects on the ecosystems they invade. Previous studies have shown that the Red-eared turtle is able to cause such extensive damage because of its ability to adapt to its environment. Some of their physiological and behavioral indicators show an advantage, but there is still insufficient data to explain their competitive advantage overall. This paper examines the body temperature, dependence of locomotion on temperature, compensatory growth, and the immunity of hatchling Red-eared turtles and Chinese pond turtles （ Chinemys reevesii）. We found that Red-eared turtles could significantly influence the thermoregulatory behavior of the Chinese pond turtle. The Red- eared turtle exhibited a wider range of body temperatures and thermal tolerance, better locomotor performance, and innate immunity in comparison to its counterpart; indicating a more stable compensatory growth mechanism. When exposed to a thermal gradient, Red-eared turtles that were bred together with Chinese pond turtles selected lower body temperatures and had larger coefficient of variation of body temperatures than those bred separately. The upper （ CTMax ） and lower （ CTMin ） limits of thermal tolerance were 41.2 ℃ and 3.6 ℃ for the Red-eared turtle, and 37.2 ℃ and 4.5 ℃ for the Chinese pond turtle, respectively. We therefore concluded that Red-eared turtles have an advantage in the thermal resource competition in a polyculture environment. The locomotor performance of the two species was measured

关 键 词：红耳滑龟 中华草龟 入侵 体温和运动 补偿生长 免疫能力 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]