施肥对红星苹果树体生长发育、营养状况及产量的影响  

The Influence of Fertilization on Production,Tree Growth and Nutrients of Starking Delicious Apple

作　　者：曹贵寿[1] 柴晓芳 杨晓华[1] 王贤萍[1] 尹蓉[1] 张倩茹[1] 段泽敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院果树研究所,山西太原030031 [2]洪桐县果树蚕桑站,山西洪桐041600

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2016年第11期1638-1642,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为研究晋东南地区施肥对红星苹果树体生长发育、树体营养及产量的影响,并为土壤管理与施肥技术提供依据,在土壤养分测定和设计施用专用型肥料的基础上,通过田间试验,调查研究不同施肥量处理对红星苹果春-秋梢长度、总花序数量、花序坐果率及叶片N,P,K,Ca,Mg含量和单株产量的影响,并对田间调查结果进行了统计分析。结果表明,红星苹果花序坐果率随着施肥量的增加而增加,而花序总数量呈现降低趋势;随着化肥施用量的增加,春梢生长发育长度减少,秋梢发育长度呈现显著的起伏变化趋势;不同施肥量处理之间对苹果叶片中的N,P,K,Ca,Mg营养元素含量产生的影响未达到统计学差异显著水平;红星苹果的产量随施肥量的增加而增加,肥料—产量之间的响应为抛物线形式,当施肥量增加至25 kg/株时,苹果平均产量达到442.00 kg/株。花序坐果率对红星苹果产量形成的影响最大,其次依次为叶片N含量和施肥量,其他因素对产量影响较小。The effect of different fertilizer quantity on spring-autumn shoot length, total number of inflorescence, inflorescence fruit rate, N, P, K, Ca, Mg content of leaf and per tree yield of Starking Delicious apple in Southeast Shanxi province were investigated through field to provide a basis for soil and fertilization management. The results showed that the inflorescence fruit rate increased while the total number of inflorescence decreased, and the growth length of spring shoot decreased but the autumn shoot significantly fluctuated with the increasing of fertilizer quantity. Besides, the impact on N, P, K, Ca and Mg content in leaves of apple under different fertilizer quantity did not reach the statistically significant level. The yield also increased with the increasing of fertilizer quantity showing a parabola response with a yield peak of 442.00 kg per plant when fertilizer quantity reached 25 kg per plant. It was demonstrated that inflorescence fruit rate played the most important role in the yield of Starking Delicious apple with N content of leaf and fertilizer quantity followed, but there were some other impacting factors.

关 键 词：苹果 施肥 产量 坐果率 春-秋梢长度 叶片营养 

分 类 号：S661.106.2[农业科学—果树学]