霍尔效应测量磁场实验中副效应的研究  

Associated effects in experiment of measuring magnetic field with Hall effect

作　　者：孙可芊 李智[2] 廖慧敏[2] 张朝晖[2] SUN Ke-qiana LI Zhib LIAO Hui-minb ZHANG Zhao-huib(a. Beijing No. 80 High School, Beijing 100020, China b Shool of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chin)

机构地区：[1]北京市八十中学,北京100020 [2]北京大学物理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《物理实验》2016年第11期36-40,44,共6页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：中学生英才计划

摘　　要：用换向法对实验室的霍尔效应仪进行了测量,结果表明各种副效应中以不等位电势差的贡献最大,而能斯特效应和里吉-勒迪克效应的贡献可以忽略.测量结果还显示存在一项额外的副效应,这一副效应与霍尔电流的平方成正比,与外磁场无关,其性质与一般教科书中提到的各种副效应都不同,应该是由霍尔电流的热效应引起的温差电动势.根据上述结果,对换向法的公式进行了相应的修正.Contributions of different associated effects to the Hall voltage were determined in the experiment of measuring magnetic field with Hall effect. It was found that the influence of IR drop was prominent, while the contributions of the Nernst and Righi-Leduc effects were negligible. The re- sults also indicated the presence of an additional associated effect, which was proportional to the square of the Hall current and was independent of the magnetic field. This effect was attributed to thermo-electromotive-force originating from the thermal effect of the Hall current.

关 键 词：霍尔效应 不等位电势差 温差电动势 

分 类 号：O472.6[理学—半导体物理]