语文词典单一动词对释式的使用条件和允准差别  

Condition of Use and Permitted Differences of the Defining Patterns of Single Verbs in Linguistic Dictionaries

作　　者：付娜[1] 刘竹林[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732 [2]北京交通大学语言与传播学院,北京100044

出　　处：《辞书研究》2016年第6期1-8,36,共9页Lexicographical Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"汉语同义动词同义关系远近的分析方法与等级划分"(项目编号14YJC740023);中国社会科学院语言研究所研究课题"论语文词典单一动词对释式的使用"共同资助

摘　　要：单一动词对释式是指词典中一个动词词目或义项号后用一个动词释义的方式。目前相关认识还存在一些不合理之处,使用上也有进一步提升的空间。文章阐述了单一动词对释式使用的前提条件,即被释动词具有与之理性意义相同或差别细微的同义词;分析了词义成分相同是其使用的必要条件;总结了单一动词对释式常见于同素单双音词、同素逆序词和前位同素复音词。文章还提出单一释词与被释动词允准在非词义成分、色彩意义、用法特征等方面存在差别。By the defining patterns of single verbs,we mean the pattern of using one single verb to define a dictionary verb entry or a meaning item. This article argues that the condition of using this defining pattern is that the verb must be synonymous to or basically the same as the entry in conceptual meaning. It also argues that the necessary condition of using this defining pattern is the sameness of meaning elements and such a pattern is often used in defining homoatomic monosyllabic and bisyllabic words,homoatomic words of reversed morphemes,and disyllabic and polysyllabic words. Finally,the article holds that differences between the defining verb and the defined are permitted in such aspects as non-meaning elements,colorific meaning,and usage features.

关 键 词：语文词典 释义 同义词 单一释词 动词 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]