紫云英还田对常规红米水稻产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Total Returning of Astragalus sinicus on Yield and Quality of the Conventional Red Rice Varieties

作　　者：江学海[1,2] 周维佳 李敏 周彩霞 罗德强 姬广梅 李立江 丁艳锋[2] 王绍华[2] 李刚华[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省水稻研究所,贵阳550006 [2]南京农业大学/农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,南京210095 [3]贵州省盘县淤泥河红米种植合作社,贵州盘县553523

出　　处：《中国稻米》2016年第6期34-37,共4页China Rice

基　　金：贵州省农业领域重点项目(黔科合成转字[2015]5021号);国家公益性行业(农业)专项(201303102);六盘水市农业攻关项目;国家自然科学基金(31360314)

摘　　要：为探明紫云英作绿肥对常规红米水稻品种产量和主要品质指标的影响,以常规地方品种小白占和高原红为材料,于2014-2015年在贵州盘县进行紫云英还田4个不同肥料处理(T1,紫云英全量还田;T2,全化学氮肥;T3,紫云英全量作底肥、追施40%化学氮肥;CK,不施肥)的田间试验。结果表明,紫云英全量还田的处理比未施肥对照显著增产,2个品种T1、T2和T3处理的产量分别比对照提高17.5%、45.5%、41.4%和12.6%、28.4%、23.7%,增产的原因主要得益于有效穗数和每穗粒数的显著增加。紫云英全量还田能优化水稻群体结构,提高成穗率,改善收获指数,降低株高而减小倒伏风险;紫云英全量还田能减少化肥的使用,与T2处理相比,T3处理可减少60%的化学氮肥;紫云英全量还田还能显著增加整精米率、降低垩白粒率、提高胶稠度。紫云英全量还田技术在贵州山区常规稻优质安全种植上具有良好的应用效果。In order to evaluate the effects of total returning of milk vetch on yield and quality of the conventional red rice varieties, a field experiment of different fertilizer treatment （T1, overturning the total milk vetch as base fertilizer; T2, applying nitrogen 112.5 kg/ hm2; T3, the total mild vetch as base fertilizer and 45 kg/hm2 nitrogen as tillering fertilizer; CK, no fertilizer）were conducted in 2014- 2015, Xiaobaizhan and Gaoyuanhong were used as materials. The results showed that the yield of T1, T2 and T3 of two varieties sig- nificantly increased by 17.5%, 45.5%, 41.4% and 12.6%, 28.4%, 23.7% respectively, compared with the CK. The cause of yield increasing is attribute to the increasing of effective panicles per area and spikelets per panicle. The total returning of milk vetch optimized the population structure of rice, promoting the percentage of available tillers and harvest index, improving resistance of lodging by decreasing plant height. The total returning of milk vetch can reduce the dosage of chemical fertilizer, compared with T2, T3 treatment reducing 60% nitrogen fertilizer.As well as, it obviously improved the appearance quality and eating quality through reducing the chalky rice rate, increasing head rice rate and gel consistency. In summary, the total returning of milk vetch has a good application value in developing rice production in mountain area.

关 键 词：紫云英 常规水稻 红米 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]