福建省玉米小斑病菌的生物学特性研究  

Biological Characteristics of Bipolaris maydis in Fujian Province

作　　者：代玉立[1] 甘林[1] 阮宏椿[1] 廖蕾[2] 石妞妞[1] 杜宜新[1] 陈福如[1] 杨秀娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室,福州350003 [2]福建农林大学植物保护学院,福州350002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第31期131-137,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金："福建省属公益类科研院所专项"玉米小斑病菌致病力;抗药性变化监测及病害防控关键技术应用研究"(2014R1024-5);福建省自然科学基金项目"寄主品种多样性及单一性不同生境玉米小斑病菌群体遗传多样性及致病性研究"(2016J05073)";福建省农业科学院博士启动基金"福建省玉米小斑病菌对丙环唑的敏感性及其交互抗性研究"(2015BS-4)

摘　　要：为明确福建省玉米小斑病菌的生物学特性,以选自福建省建瓯、沙县和福州地区的3株玉米小斑病菌菌株为研究对象,研究了温度、湿度、p H值、光照、营养对病菌菌丝生长、产孢量和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,菌丝生长最适温度和p H为30℃和p H 6;产孢最适温度和p H为25℃和p H 6～7;孢子萌发最适温度和p H为25～28℃和p H 6。光照能显著抑制病菌产孢,在相对湿度为85%、95%条件下或在水琼脂培养基表面上,孢子萌发率分别达50%、88%和90%。葡萄糖、乳糖、甘露醇、可溶性淀粉适宜病菌菌丝生长和产孢,而尿素、硫酸铵、硝酸铵、氯化铵能显著抑制菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发。菌丝体的致死温度为65℃、10 min或60℃、30 min,分生孢子的致死温度为60℃、10 min或55℃、30 min。3个菌株的产孢特性、菌丝致死温度和致病力均存在明显的差别。To determine the biological characteristics of Bipolaria maydis in Fujian Province, three B. maydis isolates, collected from Jian＇ou, Shaxian and Fuzhou areas, were selected as research objective. The effects oftemperature, moisture, p H values, light and nutrition on the mycelial growth, sporulation quantity and conidiagermination were studied. The results showed that the optimum temperature and p H value for mycelium growthwere 30℃ and 6; the optimum temperature and p H value for spore production were 25℃ and 6-7; and theoptimum temperature and p H value for conidia germination were 25- 28℃ and 6. Light could significantlyinhibit the sporulation. Under the condition of relative humidity of 85%, 95% or on water agar, the percentageof conidia germination reached 50%, 88% and 90%, respectively. Glucose, lactose, mannitol and solublestarch were suited for mycelial growth and sporulation. However, urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate,ammonium chloride could significantly inhibit the mycelial growth, spore production and conidia germination.The lethal temperature for hypha was 65℃ for 10 min or 60℃ for 30 min, while the lethal temperature for thespores was 60℃ for 10 min or 55℃ for 30 min. Three isolates were obviously different in characteristics of sporulation, lethal temperature of hypha and the pathogenicity.

关 键 词：玉米小斑病菌 菌丝 孢子 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]