商品有机肥用量对设施土壤养分及西瓜营养品质的影响  

Effects of Application Amount of Commercial Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrition and Nutritional Quality of Watermelon

作　　者：赵伟[1] 杨圆圆[1] 刘梦龙[1] 张锋[2] 李英梅[2] 陈志杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]渭南市农业技术推广中心,陕西渭南714000 [2]陕西省动物研究所,西安710032

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第31期154-160,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目"城郊环保型高效农业关键技术研究与示范"(2014BAD14B00);陕西省科学院重点及产业化项目"大荔现代特色农业产业保障技术研究与示范"(2013K-03)

摘　　要：为了明确设施西瓜有机肥的合理用量,建立设施土壤科学培肥制度,通过田间试验的方法,研究了不同商品有机肥用量对设施土壤养分及西瓜营养品质的影响。试验设基施商品有机肥12.5 t/hm^2(CK)、29.2 t/hm^2(M1)、41.7 t/hm^2(M2)、54.2 t/hm^2(M3)和基施油渣16 t/hm^2(油渣)(OD)5个处理。结果表明:随商品有机肥用量增加西瓜Vc含量和可溶性糖含量均表现为先增后降的趋势,Vc在M1处理中最高,可溶性糖在M2处理中最高。油渣处理比CK显著提高西瓜膨大期和收获后0~20 cm土层和各采样时期20-40 cm土层土壤矿质态氮含量,M2和M1处理均显著增加定植前0~20 cm土层土壤矿质态氮含量,增幅32%~60%。M1和油渣处理0~20 cm土层土壤速效磷含量在60~90 mg/kg在合适范围内。与CK处理相比,增施商品有机肥和施用油渣均显著增加定植前0~20 cm土层土壤速效钾含量,增幅为1.0~3.7倍。与其他处理相比,油渣处理0~40 cm土层土壤电导率最高。综上可见,在本试验条件下,商品有机肥用量在29.2~41.7 t/hm^2时,可在提高西瓜品质的基础上,降低环境污染,为合适用量范围。In order to clarify the reasonable application amount of organic fertilizer on greenhouse watermelonand build ascientific fertilization system for greenhousesoil, a field experiment was carried out to study theeffect of application amount of commercial organic fertilizer on soil nutritionand nutritional quality ofwatermelon. Five treatments were set up, including commercial organic fertilizer of 12.5 t/hm^2（CK）, 29.2 t/hm^2（M1）, 41.7 t/hm^2（M2） and 54.2 t/hm^2（M3）, oil residue of 16 t/hm^2（OD） as base fertilizer. The results showedthat Vc and soluble sugar content of watermelon increased first and then decreased with the increase of organicfertilizer application amount. Vc content reached the highest in M1 treatment and soluble sugar contentreached the highest in M2 treatment.Compared with CK, mineral nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer inexpanding period and after harvest and in 20- 40 cm soil layer during the whole sampling period of ODtreatment was significantly higher. The soil mineral nitrogen content in 0- 20 cm soil layer of M2 and M1 treatment increased by 32%-60%in comparing with that of CK treatment before transplanting. The availablephosphorus content of M1 and OD treatment in 0-20 cm soil layer was in the suitable range of 60-90 mg/kg.Compared with CK, the application of commercial organic fertilizer and oil residue could significantly increasesoil available potassium by 1.0 to 3.7 times in 0-20 cm soil layer before transplanting. Compared with that ofother treatments, soil electrical conductivity of OD treatment reached the highest in 0- 40 cm soil layer.Therefore, commercial organic fertilizer application amount of 29.2- 41.7 t/hm^2 could promote the quality ofwatermelon and reduce environment pollution.

关 键 词：商品有机肥 西瓜 营养品质 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]