深圳市助产机构空间可达性测量方法比较研究  

Comparison of methods for measuring spatial accessibility to midwifery institutions in Shenzhen city

作　　者：宋培歌[1] 朱亚杰[2] 刘帅[3] 安琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院妇女与儿童青少年卫生学系,北京100191 [2]北京大学地球与空间科学学院遥感与地理信息系统研究所,北京100191 [3]燕山大学信息科学与工程学院

出　　处：《中国生育健康杂志》2016年第6期501-505,共5页Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health

摘　　要：目的使用三种不同的方法探讨深圳市助产机构的空间分布模式及规律，为构建合理分布的助产机构提供理论依据和方法参考。方法基于地理信息系统（Geographic Information System，GIS），使用供需比例法、最短距离法和两步移动搜寻法，对深圳市各街道助产机构空间可达性进行分析。结果不同的方法计算助产机构空间可达性结果不同，即（1）供需比例法显示深圳市南山区和福田区的每千名孕产妇病床数较少，六个行政区呈现非均等化的现象；（2）最短距离法显示在无助产机构的街道和面积大的街道，孕产妇至最近助产机构的最短距离较大；（3）使用两步移动搜寻法，设定20km的就医极限出行距离，显示在龙岗区东部、南山区西部和宝安区北部可达性较差，在各行政区交界处可达性较好。结论不同的空间可达性计算方法有不同的侧重点，需要根据所关注和要解决的实际问题来选择合适的方法。Objective To explore the spatial distribution of midwifery institutions in Shenzhen city with the use of three different methods for the purpose of providing a theoretical basis for rational allocation of midwifery institutions. Methods This study utilized the proportion of supply and demand method, the shortest distance method and the two-step floating catchment area method based on the geographic information system to analyze the current spatial accessibility to midwifery institutions, and to make comparisons among the three methods. Results The results of spatial accessibility to midwifery institutions were different among the three different methods： （ 1 ） the proportion of supply and demand method showed that the bed number of midwifery institutions to per 1000 maternal women ratio in Nanshan District and Futian District was relatively smaller than the rest districts of the city; （2） the shortest distance method shows that the shortest distance to nearest midwifery institution was relatively larger in the sub-districts with larger areas or owning to no midwifery institution in the district ; （3） the result of the two-step floating catchment area method with a threshold distance of 20 km showed that the west part of Nanshan and the vast east part of Longgang were critical areas. Meanwhile, the accessibility of juncture area was acceptable. Conclusion The three methods have different hypotheses. Researchers should select the most appropriate method based on the purpose of their study.

关 键 词：地理信息系统 助产机构 空间可达性 深圳市 

分 类 号：R717[医药卫生—妇产科学]